महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-29

यथामुख्यं संनिपात्य वक्तव्याः स्म शपामहे ।
यथा जयार्थं संग्रामे न जह्याम परस्परम् ॥२९॥

29. yathāmukhyaṁ saṁnipātya vaktavyāḥ sma śapāmahe ,
yathā jayārthaṁ saṁgrāme na jahyāma parasparam.

29. yathāmukhyam saṃnipātya vaktavyāḥ sma śapāmahe
yathā jayārtham saṃgrāme na jahyāma parasparam

29. yathāmukhyam saṃnipātya (vayam)
vaktavyāḥ sma (yataḥ) śapāmahe
(ca) yathā (vayam) na jahyāma
parasparam jayārtham saṃgrāme

29. Having assembled as chiefs, we must declare and swear that in battle, for the sake of victory, we shall not abandon one another.

Words meanings summery:

• यथामुख्यम् (yathāmukhyam) - according to seniority, as chief, as principal

• संनिपात्य (saṁnipātya) - having gathered, having assembled, having met

• वक्तव्याः (vaktavyāḥ) - to be spoken, to be said, to be declared

• स्म (sma) - Used here for emphasis on the declaration, or to connect to a traditional saying. (indeed, truly, (indicates past tense or emphasis))

• शपामहे (śapāmahe) - we swear, we vow

• यथा (yathā) - In order that. (so that, in order that, as)

• जयार्थम् (jayārtham) - for the sake of victory, for victory

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• न (na) - not

• जह्याम (jahyāma) - may we abandon, we should abandon

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

Words meanings and morphology

यथामुख्यम् (yathāmukhyam) - according to seniority, as chief, as principal

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+mukhya)

• yathā – as, according to, in order that
  indeclinable
• mukhya – principal, chief, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

संनिपात्य (saṁnipātya) - having gathered, having assembled, having met

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'pat' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ni'.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

वक्तव्याः (vaktavyāḥ) - to be spoken, to be said, to be declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaktavya

vaktavya - what must be said, to be spoken, to be told

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Formed with suffix -tavya from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Implies 'we' as the subject.

स्म (sma) - Used here for emphasis on the declaration, or to connect to a traditional saying. (indeed, truly, (indicates past tense or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

शपामहे (śapāmahe) - we swear, we vow

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śap

Root: śap (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - In order that. (so that, in order that, as)

(indeclinable)

जयार्थम् (jayārtham) - for the sake of victory, for victory

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jayārtha

jayārtha - purpose of victory, for victory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+artha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, combat, war

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

जह्याम (jahyāma) - may we abandon, we should abandon

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hā

Root: hā (class 3)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other