महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-19

समा निरुदकाकाशा रथभूमिः प्रशस्यते ।
नीचद्रुमा महाकक्षा सोदका हस्तियोधिनाम् ॥१९॥

19. samā nirudakākāśā rathabhūmiḥ praśasyate ,
nīcadrumā mahākakṣā sodakā hastiyodhinām.

19. samā nirudakākāśā rathabhūmiḥ praśasyate
nīcadrumā mahākakṣā sodakā hastiyodhinām

19. rathabhūmiḥ samā nirudakākāśā praśasyate
hastiyodhinām nīcadrumā mahākakṣā sodakā

19. Ground suitable for chariots is praised when it is level, dry, and open. For elephant warriors, ground with low trees, extensive thickets, and water is praised.

Words meanings summery:

• समा (samā) - level (ground) (even, level, uniform, same)

• निरुदकाकाशा (nirudakākāśā) - with dry, open spaces (having dry open spaces)

• रथभूमिः (rathabhūmiḥ) - ground for chariots (ground for chariots, chariot-ground)

• प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised (is praised, is commended)

• नीचद्रुमा (nīcadrumā) - with low trees (having low trees)

• महाकक्षा (mahākakṣā) - with extensive thickets (having large thickets/concealed areas)

• सोदका (sodakā) - with water (with water, watery)

• हस्तियोधिनाम् (hastiyodhinām) - for elephant warriors (of elephant warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

समा (samā) - level (ground) (even, level, uniform, same)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sama

sama - even, level, uniform, same, equal

निरुदकाकाशा (nirudakākāśā) - with dry, open spaces (having dry open spaces)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirudakākāśa

nirudakākāśa - having dry and open spaces

Compound of nirudaka (without water) and ākāśa (open space).

Compound type : dvandva (nirudaka+ākāśa)

• nirudaka – without water, dry
  adjective (neuter)
  Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of udaka (water).
  Prefix: nis
• ākāśa – sky, open space, ether
  noun (masculine)

रथभूमिः (rathabhūmiḥ) - ground for chariots (ground for chariots, chariot-ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rathabhūmi

rathabhūmi - ground for chariots

Compound of ratha (chariot) and bhūmi (ground).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+bhūmi)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)

प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised (is praised, is commended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Present Passive Indicative

3rd person singular, passive voice, present tense.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

नीचद्रुमा (nīcadrumā) - with low trees (having low trees)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nīcadruma

nīcadruma - having low trees

Bahuvrihi compound of nīca (low) and druma (tree).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nīca+druma)

• nīca – low, short, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

महाकक्षा (mahākakṣā) - with extensive thickets (having large thickets/concealed areas)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahākakṣa

mahākakṣa - having large thickets, having great hidden places

Bahuvrihi compound of mahā (great) and kakṣa (thicket, concealed place).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+kakṣa)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
• kakṣa – thicket, concealed place, part of a forest, belt
  noun (masculine)

सोदका (sodakā) - with water (with water, watery)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sodaka

sodaka - with water, watery

Bahuvrihi compound of sa (with) and udaka (water).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+udaka)

• sa – with, together with
  prefix
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

हस्तियोधिनाम् (hastiyodhinām) - for elephant warriors (of elephant warriors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hastiyodhin

hastiyodhin - elephant warrior, fighting from elephants

Compound of hasti (elephant) and yodhin (warrior).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hastin+yodhin)

• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• yodhin – fighter, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root yudh-.
  Root: yudh (class 4)