महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-22

पदातिनागबहुला प्रावृट्काले प्रशस्यते ।
गुणानेतान्प्रसंख्याय देशकालौ प्रयोजयेत् ॥२२॥

22. padātināgabahulā prāvṛṭkāle praśasyate ,
guṇānetānprasaṁkhyāya deśakālau prayojayet.

22. padāti-nāga-bahulā prāvṛṭ-kāle praśasyate
guṇān etān prasaṃkhyāya deśa-kālau prayojayet

22. (senā) padāti-nāga-bahulā prāvṛṭ-kāle praśasyate
etān guṇān prasaṃkhyāya deśa-kālau prayojayet

22. An army strong in infantry (padāti) and elephants is recommended during the rainy season. Having thoroughly considered these characteristics, one should deploy forces according to the right place and time.

Words meanings summery:

• पदाति-नाग-बहुला (padāti-nāga-bahulā) - having much infantry and many elephants, infantry-and-elephant-heavy

• प्रावृट्-काले (prāvṛṭ-kāle) - in the rainy season

• प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised, is recommended, is extolled

• गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, characteristics

• एतान् (etān) - these (masculine plural)

• प्रसंख्याय (prasaṁkhyāya) - having considered thoroughly, having enumerated, having reckoned

• देश-कालौ (deśa-kālau) - place and time (dual)

• प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - one should employ, one should use, one should deploy

Words meanings and morphology

पदाति-नाग-बहुला (padāti-nāga-bahulā) - having much infantry and many elephants, infantry-and-elephant-heavy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of padāti-nāga-bahula

padāti-nāga-bahula - abundant in infantry and elephants

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (padāti+nāga+bahula)

• padāti – foot soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, snake, Nāga (mythical being)
  noun (masculine)
• bahula – abundant, numerous, plentiful
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'senā'.

प्रावृट्-काले (prāvṛṭ-kāle) - in the rainy season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāvṛṭ-kāla

prāvṛṭ-kāla - rainy season, monsoon period

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāvṛṣ+kāla)

• prāvṛṣ – rainy season
  noun (feminine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates time.

प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised, is recommended, is extolled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pra-śaṃs

Present Tense

3rd person singular, passive voice

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Verb for the implied 'senā'.

गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, characteristics

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, characteristic, virtue, attribute

Note: Object of 'prasaṃkhyāya'.

एतान् (etān) - these (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Adjective for 'guṇān'.

प्रसंख्याय (prasaṁkhyāya) - having considered thoroughly, having enumerated, having reckoned

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed with prefixes pra and sam and root khyā (to see, perceive, tell)

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Absolutive.

देश-कालौ (deśa-kālau) - place and time (dual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of deśa-kāla

deśa-kāla - place and time, circumstances

Compound type : dvandva (deśa+kāla)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'prayojayet'.

प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - one should employ, one should use, one should deploy

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pra-yuj

Optative Mood (Causative)

3rd person singular, active voice (from causative √yuj)

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Main verb.