महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-26, verse-4

मृतं वा यदि वा नष्टं योऽतीतमनुशोचति ।
दुःखेन लभते दुःखं द्वावनर्थौ प्रपद्यते ॥४॥

4. mṛtaṁ vā yadi vā naṣṭaṁ yo'tītamanuśocati ,
duḥkhena labhate duḥkhaṁ dvāvanarthau prapadyate.

4. mṛtam vā yadi vā naṣṭam yaḥ atītam anuśocati
duḥkhena labhate duḥkham dvau anarthau prapadyate

4. yaḥ mṛtam vā naṣṭam vā atītam anuśocati duḥkhena
duḥkham labhate dvau anarthau prapadyate

4. Whoever grieves over something dead, lost, or belonging to the past obtains sorrow through that very sorrow, and thus encounters two misfortunes.

Words meanings summery:

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased, passed away

• वा (vā) - or, either...or, as if

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or, either...or, as if

• नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - lost, destroyed, ruined

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• अतीतम् (atītam) - past, gone by, elapsed

• अनुशोचति (anuśocati) - grieves for, laments, regrets

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain, by misery

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain

• द्वौ (dvau) - two

• अनर्थौ (anarthau) - misfortunes, evils, calamities, useless things

• प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, falls into, resorts to, reaches

Words meanings and morphology

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased, passed away

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, passed away, vanished

Past Passive Participle

From root mṛ (to die) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: It can also be nominative neuter singular. Here it functions as an object of lamentation.

वा (vā) - or, either...or, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect alternatives.

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

वा (vā) - or, either...or, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect alternatives.

नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - lost, destroyed, ruined

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined, vanished, disappeared

Past Passive Participle

From root naś (to be lost, perish) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: It can also be nominative neuter singular. Here it functions as an object of lamentation.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अतीतम् (atītam) - past, gone by, elapsed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atīta

atīta - past, gone by, elapsed, passed away

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefix ati + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions as a substantive (the past thing) or an adjective modifying an implied neuter noun.

अनुशोचति (anuśocati) - grieves for, laments, regrets

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anuśoc

From root śuc (to grieve, lament) with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain, by misery

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Indicates the means or cause.

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Middle voice (ātmanepada) verb.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

द्वौ (dvau) - two

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'anarthau'.

अनर्थौ (anarthau) - misfortunes, evils, calamities, useless things

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, uselessness, meaninglessness

Compound of 'an' (negation) and 'artha' (purpose, wealth, meaning)

Compound type : tatpurusha (an+artha)

• an – not, without
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'prapadyate'. It can also be nominative dual.

प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, falls into, resorts to, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prapad

From root pad (to go, fall) with prefixes pra

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Middle voice (ātmanepada) verb.