महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-26, verse-30

चिताः कृत्वा प्रयत्नेन यथामुख्यान्नराधिपान् ।
दाहयामासुरव्यग्रा विधिदृष्टेन कर्मणा ॥३०॥

30. citāḥ kṛtvā prayatnena yathāmukhyānnarādhipān ,
dāhayāmāsuravyagrā vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā.

30. citāḥ kṛtvā prayatnena yathāmukhyān narādhipān
dāhayāmāsuḥ avyagrāḥ vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā

30. avyagrāḥ prayatnena citāḥ kṛtvā yathāmukhyān
narādhipān vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā dāhayāmāsuḥ

30. Having carefully prepared the pyres, they, undisturbed, cremated the foremost kings with rituals prescribed by sacred texts.

Words meanings summery:

• चिताः (citāḥ) - pyres, funeral piles

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having prepared (having made, having done, having prepared)

• प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - carefully (with effort, carefully, diligently)

• यथामुख्यान् (yathāmukhyān) - according to their prominence (according to their prominence/rank, principal, chief)

• नराधिपान् (narādhipān) - kings, rulers of men

• दाहयामासुः (dāhayāmāsuḥ) - they caused to be burnt, they cremated

• अव्यग्राः (avyagrāḥ) - undisturbed, calmly (undisturbed, calm, attentive, free from agitation)

• विधिदृष्टेन (vidhidṛṣṭena) - according to prescribed rites (seen by rule, prescribed by sacred texts, according to ritual)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by ritual (by action, by ritual (karma))

Words meanings and morphology

चिताः (citāḥ) - pyres, funeral piles

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of citā

citā - funeral pile, pyre, heap

From root ci (to gather, pile up).

Root: ci (class 5)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having prepared (having made, having done, having prepared)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - carefully (with effort, carefully, diligently)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prayatna

prayatna - effort, exertion, diligence

From root yat (to strive) with prefix pra (forth).

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

यथामुख्यान् (yathāmukhyān) - according to their prominence (according to their prominence/rank, principal, chief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yathāmukhya

yathāmukhya - according to the chief, according to rank, prominent

Compound of yathā (according to) + mukhya (chief, principal).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+mukhya)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  From mukha (mouth, face, chief part).

Note: Modifies 'narādhipān'.

नराधिपान् (narādhipān) - kings, rulers of men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound of nara (man) + adhipa (ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + pa (protector, ruler).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the deceased kings being cremated.

दाहयामासुः (dāhayāmāsuḥ) - they caused to be burnt, they cremated

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dāhaya

Causative Aorist

From root dah (to burn) in causative (dāhaya) + periphrastic aorist (āmāsuḥ) with kṛ as auxiliary.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Refers to the persons performing the cremation.

अव्यग्राः (avyagrāḥ) - undisturbed, calmly (undisturbed, calm, attentive, free from agitation)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avyagra

avyagra - undisturbed, calm, attentive, steady

Compound of a (not) + vyagra (agitated, disturbed).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyagra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vyagra – agitated, disturbed, distracted
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi (apart) + agra (tip/mind) meaning distracted, or from root agr (to go) with vi. It means 'agitated'.
  Prefix: vi

Note: Refers to the subjects performing the cremation (the people). It is implied by the verb dāhayāmāsuḥ.

विधिदृष्टेन (vidhidṛṣṭena) - according to prescribed rites (seen by rule, prescribed by sacred texts, according to ritual)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vidhidṛṣṭa

vidhidṛṣṭa - seen according to rule, prescribed by sacred texts

Compound of vidhi (rule, ordinance) + dṛṣṭa (seen).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidhi+dṛṣṭa)

• vidhi – rule, ordinance, sacred precept, ritual
  noun (masculine)
  From vi (apart) + dhā (to place).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• dṛṣṭa – seen, observed, known
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'karmaṇā'.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by ritual (by action, by ritual (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action (karma), deed, ritual, work

From root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -man.

Root: kṛ (class 8)