महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-26, verse-18

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
केन ज्ञानबलेनैवं पुत्र पश्यसि सिद्धवत् ।
तन्मे वद महाबाहो श्रोतव्यं यदि वै मया ॥१८॥

18. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kena jñānabalenaivaṁ putra paśyasi siddhavat ,
tanme vada mahābāho śrotavyaṁ yadi vai mayā.

18. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca kena jñānabalena evam putra paśyasi
siddhavat tat me vada mahābāho śrotavyam yadi vai mayā

18. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca putra mahābāho kena jñānabalena evam
siddhavat paśyasi tat me vada yadi vai mayā śrotavyam

18. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O son, O mighty-armed one, by what power of knowledge do you perceive things in this manner, as if you were a perfected sage? Tell that to me, if indeed I am meant to hear it.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• ज्ञानबलेन (jñānabalena) - by the power of knowledge, by the strength of wisdom

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see, you perceive

• सिद्धवत् (siddhavat) - like a perfected one, like a sage

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

• श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, ought to be heard

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (father of the Kauravas, 'he who holds the kingdom')

Compound: dhṛta (held) + rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold) + kta suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Finite verb.

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Governs 'jñānabalena'.

ज्ञानबलेन (jñānabalena) - by the power of knowledge, by the strength of wisdom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jñānabala

jñānabala - power of knowledge, strength of wisdom

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jñāna+bala)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From root jñā (to know) + ana suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental case indicating means.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Indicative

From root dṛś, changed to paśya in present system.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Finite verb.

सिद्धवत् (siddhavat) - like a perfected one, like a sage

(indeclinable)

From siddha (perfected) + vat (like).

Note: Adverbial function, modifying 'paśyasi'.

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'vada'.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of asmad.

Note: Indirect object of 'vada'.

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative Mood

Second person singular imperative of root vad.

Root: vad (class 1)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  Stem of mahat.
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Sañjaya.

श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, ought to be heard

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, fit to be heard, audible

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root śru (to hear) + tavya suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicate, implying obligation or fitness.

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

(indeclinable)

Enclitic particle.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Instrumental singular of asmad.