महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-70, verse-33

स शाश्वतीः समा राजन्प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन् ।
जरामार्छन्महाघोरां नाहुषो रूपनाशिनीम् ॥३३॥

33. sa śāśvatīḥ samā rājanprajā dharmeṇa pālayan ,
jarāmārchanmahāghorāṁ nāhuṣo rūpanāśinīm.

33. sa śāśvatīḥ samāḥ rājan prajāḥ dharmeṇa pālayan
jarām ārchat mahāghorām nāhuṣaḥ rūpanāśinīm

33. O King, that Nahusha, ruling his subjects righteously for many years, eventually reached a terrible old age that destroyed his beauty.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - many (referring to years) (perpetual, eternal, lasting, many)

• समाः (samāḥ) - years (years, seasons)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, people, progeny)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, righteously (by dharma, by righteousness, by justice)

• पालयन् (pālayan) - ruling, maintaining (protecting, ruling, maintaining)

• जराम् (jarām) - old age (old age, decrepitude)

• आर्छत् (ārchat) - reached (reached, obtained)

• महाघोराम् (mahāghorām) - terrible, dreadful (very dreadful, terrible)

• नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - King Nahusha (Nahusha (proper name))

• रूपनाशिनीम् (rūpanāśinīm) - destroying his beauty (beauty-destroying, form-destroying)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - many (referring to years) (perpetual, eternal, lasting, many)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śāśvatī

śāśvatī - perpetual, eternal, lasting

समाः (samāḥ) - years (years, seasons)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, people, progeny)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people

Root: jan (class 4)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, righteously (by dharma, by righteousness, by justice)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - dharma, righteousness, duty, law, virtue

पालयन् (pālayan) - ruling, maintaining (protecting, ruling, maintaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayat

pālayat - protecting, ruling, maintaining

Present Active Participle

From the causative stem of root √pā (to protect)

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'sa' (Nahusha)

जराम् (jarām) - old age (old age, decrepitude)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude

आर्छत् (ārchat) - reached (reached, obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ṛcch

Root: ṛcch (class 6)

महाघोराम् (mahāghorām) - terrible, dreadful (very dreadful, terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāghorā

mahāghorā - very dreadful, terrible

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghorā)

• mahā – great, large, very
  indeclinable
• ghorā – dreadful, terrible
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Modifies 'jarām'

नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - King Nahusha (Nahusha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - Nahusha (son of Ayu, a legendary king)

रूपनाशिनीम् (rūpanāśinīm) - destroying his beauty (beauty-destroying, form-destroying)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rūpanāśinī

rūpanāśinī - destroying beauty/form

Feminine form of rūpanāśin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rūpa+nāśinī)

• rūpa – form, beauty, appearance
  noun (neuter)
• nāśinī – destroying, causing to perish
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent Noun (feminine)
  From root √naś (to perish) with suffix -in
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'jarām'