महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-70, verse-25

पितॄन्देवानृषीन्विप्रान्गन्धर्वोरगराक्षसान् ।
नहुषः पालयामास ब्रह्मक्षत्रमथो विशः ॥२५॥

25. pitṝndevānṛṣīnviprāngandharvoragarākṣasān ,
nahuṣaḥ pālayāmāsa brahmakṣatramatho viśaḥ.

25. pitṝn devān ṛṣīn viprān gandharva-uraga-rākṣasān
nahuṣaḥ pālayāmāsa brahma-kṣatram athaḥ viśaḥ

25. Nahusha protected the ancestors, gods, sages, Brahmins, Gandharvas, serpents (Uraga), Rākṣasas, as well as the Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas.

25. נַהוּשַׁה הגן על האבות, על האלים, על החוזים ועל הבְּרַהְמִינים, על הגַנְדְהַרְוַה, על הנחשים ועל הרָאקְשַׁסַה, וכן על בני המעמדות החברתיים של בְּרַהְמִינים, לוחמים ואנשי העם.

Words meanings summery:

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, forefathers, spirits of the deceased

• देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

• ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages, seers

• विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins, priests

• गन्धर्व-उरग-राक्षसान् (gandharva-uraga-rākṣasān) - Gandharvas, Uragas (serpents), and Rākṣasas (demons)

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahusha

• पालयामास (pālayāmāsa) - he protected, he guarded

• ब्रह्म-क्षत्रम् (brahma-kṣatram) - the Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya classes

• अथः (athaḥ) - as well as (and then, moreover, also)

• विशः (viśaḥ) - the Vaiśya class, common people, settlers

Words meanings and morphology

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors, forefathers, spirits of the deceased

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers (plural)

देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages, seers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ

विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins, priests

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest, learned person, inspired

From root vip (to tremble, to vibrate), implying inspiration

Root: vip

गन्धर्व-उरग-राक्षसान् (gandharva-uraga-rākṣasān) - Gandharvas, Uragas (serpents), and Rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandharva-uraga-rākṣasa

gandharva-uraga-rākṣasa - Gandharvas, serpents, and demons (as a collective)

Compound type : dvandva (gandharva+uraga+rākṣasa)

• gandharva – celestial musician, demigod
  noun (masculine)
• uraga – serpent, snake (lit. 'moving on the breast')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of uras (breast) and ga (going)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• rākṣasa – demon, evil spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: This is an accusative plural form of a compound listing multiple classes of beings.

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahusha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Name of an ancient king, son of Ayu

पालयामास (pālayāmāsa) - he protected, he guarded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (periphrastic) (lit) of pāl

Periphrastic Perfect, formed by root pāl + ām + perfect of as (to be)

Root: pāl (class 10)

ब्रह्म-क्षत्रम् (brahma-kṣatram) - the Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya classes

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahma-kṣatra

brahma-kṣatra - The Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya castes/classes (collectively)

Compound type : dvandva (brahman+kṣatra)

• brahman – Brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class), sacred text, the ultimate reality (Brahman)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• kṣatra – Kṣatriya (member of the warrior/ruling class), rule, dominion
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Grammatically singular, but semantically refers to plural classes.

अथः (athaḥ) - as well as (and then, moreover, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Visarga sandhi from athaḥ to atho before a soft consonant or vowel.

विशः (viśaḥ) - the Vaiśya class, common people, settlers

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, clan, Vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)

From root viś (to enter, to settle)

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Also nominative singular. Context indicates accusative plural.

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