महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-70, verse-16

पुरूरवास्ततो विद्वानिलायां समपद्यत ।
सा वै तस्याभवन्माता पिता चेति हि नः श्रुतम् ॥१६॥

16. purūravāstato vidvānilāyāṁ samapadyata ,
sā vai tasyābhavanmātā pitā ceti hi naḥ śrutam.

16. purūravāḥ tataḥ vidvān ilāyām samapadyata sā
vai tasya abhavat mātā pitā ca iti hi naḥ śrutam

16. Then, the learned Purūravas was born from Ilā. It is indeed heard by us that she became both his mother and his father (due to Ilā's gender transformation).

Words meanings summery:

• पुरूरवाः (purūravāḥ) - Purūravas (a specific king, son of Ilā) (Purūravas (proper name))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from there, therefore)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - the learned (Purūravas) (learned, wise, knowing)

• इलायाम् (ilāyām) - from Ilā (indicating source of birth) (in Ilā, from Ilā)

• समपद्यत (samapadyata) - was born (was born, came to be, attained)

• सा (sā) - she (referring to Ilā) (she, that (feminine))

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Purūravas) (his, of him, to him)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became (was, became)

• माता (mātā) - mother

• पिता (pitā) - father

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इति (iti) - thus, so it is said (thus, so, in this manner)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, for, because)

• नः (naḥ) - by us (it is heard) (to us, by us, our)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it is heard (heard, revealed, what is heard, scripture)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरूरवाः (purūravāḥ) - Purūravas (a specific king, son of Ilā) (Purūravas (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purūravas

purūravas - Purūravas (a legendary king, son of Ilā and Budha, or solely Ilā, depending on the tradition)

Note: Subject of `samapadyata`.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `tad`.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - the learned (Purūravas) (learned, wise, knowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise, intelligent

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies `purūravāḥ`.

इलायाम् (ilāyām) - from Ilā (indicating source of birth) (in Ilā, from Ilā)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ilā

ilā - Ilā (proper name, daughter of Manu, also earth, speech)

Note: Locative case, used to denote source of birth for feminine nouns.

समपद्यत (samapadyata) - was born (was born, came to be, attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of sam-pad

Imperfect past tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice. Root `pad` with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: pad (class 4)

सा (sā) - she (referring to Ilā) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Feminine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of `abhavat`.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Purūravas) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine/Neuter genitive singular.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect past tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Predicate nominative.

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Predicate nominative. This refers to Ilā's transformation into a male (Sūdyumna/Sudyumna) and back, enabling her to be both mother and father to Purūravas.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so it is said (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding statement as a report or tradition.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding statement.

नः (naḥ) - by us (it is heard) (to us, by us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Pronominal form for 1st person plural.

Note: Acts as an agent in a passive construction with `śrutam`.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it is heard (heard, revealed, what is heard, scripture)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed, knowledge

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 1)