महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-26, verse-2

तां भग्नां स महाशाखां स्मयन्समवलोकयन् ।
अथात्र लम्बतोऽपश्यद्वालखिल्यानधोमुखान् ॥२॥

2. tāṁ bhagnāṁ sa mahāśākhāṁ smayansamavalokayan ,
athātra lambato'paśyadvālakhilyānadhomukhān.

2. tām bhagnām sa mahāśākhām smayan samavalokayan
atha atra lambataḥ apaśyat vālakhilyān adhomukhān

2. Smiling, he carefully observed that great broken branch. Then, hanging there, he saw the Vālakhilyas, with their faces turned downwards.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (great broken branch) (that (accusative feminine))

• भग्नाम् (bhagnām) - broken (broken (accusative feminine))

• स (sa) - he (Garuda) (he, that (masculine nominative))

• महाशाखाम् (mahāśākhām) - great branch (great branch (accusative feminine))

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling (smiling (present participle))

• समवलोकयन् (samavalokayan) - carefully observed (observing carefully (present participle))

• अथ (atha) - then (then, next)

• अत्र (atra) - there (on the branch) (here, there)

• लम्बतः (lambataḥ) - hanging (hanging, dangling (genitive/ablative singular of present participle))

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• वालखिल्यान् (vālakhilyān) - the Vālakhilyas (the Vālakhilyas (accusative plural))

• अधोमुखान् (adhomukhān) - with their faces turned downwards (downward-faced (accusative plural))

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (great broken branch) (that (accusative feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `samavalokayan`.

भग्नाम् (bhagnām) - broken (broken (accusative feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered

past participle

From root √bhañj (to break) + kta suffix.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

स (sa) - he (Garuda) (he, that (masculine nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the participles and `apaśyat`.

महाशाखाम् (mahāśākhām) - great branch (great branch (accusative feminine))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāśākhā

mahāśākhā - large branch

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+śākhā)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• śākhā – branch
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of `samavalokayan`.

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling (smiling (present participle))

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayat

smayat - smiling

present participle

From root √smi (to smile) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Modifies `sa`.

समवलोकयन् (samavalokayan) - carefully observed (observing carefully (present participle))

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samavalokayant

samavalokayant - observing carefully, looking around

present participle, causative

From prefixes `sam` + `ava` + root `√lok` (to see) + causative suffix (-aya) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Modifies `sa`.

अथ (atha) - then (then, next)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अत्र (atra) - there (on the branch) (here, there)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

लम्बतः (lambataḥ) - hanging (hanging, dangling (genitive/ablative singular of present participle))

(nominal form)

masculine, singular of lambat

lambat - hanging, dangling

present participle

From root √lamb (to hang) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: lamb (class 1)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect tense (laṅ)

Imperfect of root `√dṛś` (which uses stem `paśya` in present/imperfect).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

वालखिल्यान् (vālakhilyān) - the Vālakhilyas (the Vālakhilyas (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vālakhilya

vālakhilya - A class of 60,000 pygmy sages, born from the hairs of Brahma, known for their asceticism.

Proper noun.

Note: Object of `apaśyat`.

अधोमुखान् (adhomukhān) - with their faces turned downwards (downward-faced (accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of adhomukha

adhomukha - downward-faced, head downwards

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – down, below, underneath
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `vālakhilyān`.