महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-26, verse-12

प्रसादयामास स तान्कश्यपः पुत्रकारणात् ।
वालखिल्यांस्तपःसिद्धानिदमुद्दिश्य कारणम् ॥१२॥

12. prasādayāmāsa sa tānkaśyapaḥ putrakāraṇāt ,
vālakhilyāṁstapaḥsiddhānidamuddiśya kāraṇam.

12. prasādayāmāsa saḥ tān kaśyapaḥ putrakāraṇāt
vālakhilyān tapaḥsiddhān idam uddiśya kāraṇam

12. Kaśyapa, on account of his son, propitiated those Vālakhilyas, perfected by penance, presenting this as the reason.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - propitiated (propitiated, appeased, calmed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kaśyapa) (he, that)

• तान् (tān) - them (the Vālakhilyas) (them, those)

• कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa (Kaśyapa (a sage))

• पुत्रकारणात् (putrakāraṇāt) - on account of his son (on account of a son)

• वालखिल्यान् (vālakhilyān) - the Vālakhilyas (Vālakhilyas (name of dwarf sages))

• तपःसिद्धान् (tapaḥsiddhān) - perfected by penance (perfected through penance, accomplished by austerity)

• इदम् (idam) - this (reason) (this)

• उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - presenting, stating (having aimed at, having specified, having in view)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason, motive, instrument)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - propitiated (propitiated, appeased, calmed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (periphrastic) (liṭ) of prasād

causative of pra-sad

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The form `āmāsa` is characteristic of the periphrastic perfect.

सः (saḥ) - he (Kaśyapa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Kaśyapa

तान् (tān) - them (the Vālakhilyas) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Vālakhilyas

कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa (Kaśyapa (a sage))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaśyapa

kaśyapa - Kaśyapa (name of a primordial sage)

Note: proper noun

पुत्रकारणात् (putrakāraṇāt) - on account of his son (on account of a son)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of putrakāraṇa

putrakāraṇa - reason for a son, on account of a son

compound of putra (son) and kāraṇa (reason)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+kāraṇa)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  derived from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वालखिल्यान् (vālakhilyān) - the Vālakhilyas (Vālakhilyas (name of dwarf sages))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vālakhilya

vālakhilya - Vālakhilyas (a class of dwarf sages)

Note: object of `prasādayāmāsa`

तपःसिद्धान् (tapaḥsiddhān) - perfected by penance (perfected through penance, accomplished by austerity)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tapaḥsiddha

tapaḥsiddha - perfected by penance/austerity

compound of tapas (penance) and siddha (perfected)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+siddha)

• tapas – religious austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
• siddha – accomplished, perfected, successful, (as noun) a perfected being
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root sidh
  Root: sidh (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (reason) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: refers to the reason (kāraṇam)

उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - presenting, stating (having aimed at, having specified, having in view)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

derived from root diś with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: diś (class 6)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason, motive, instrument)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

action noun

derived from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: object of `uddiśya`