महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-119, verse-38

प्रतिबुद्धस्तु भीमस्तान्सर्वान्सर्पानपोथयत् ।
सारथिं चास्य दयितमपहस्तेन जघ्निवान् ॥३८॥

38. pratibuddhastu bhīmastānsarvānsarpānapothayat ,
sārathiṁ cāsya dayitamapahastena jaghnivān.

38. pratibuddhaḥ tu bhīmaḥ tān sarvān sarpān apothayat
sārathim ca asya dayitam apahastena jaghnivān

38. But Bhima, upon waking up, crushed all those snakes. And he killed his beloved charioteer with a blow of his bare hand.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतिबुद्धः (pratibuddhaḥ) - awakened, woken up

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (proper noun)

• तान् (tān) - those

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• सर्पान् (sarpān) - snakes

• अपोथयत् (apothayat) - he crushed, he slew

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - his, of this

• दयितम् (dayitam) - beloved, dear

• अपहस्तेन (apahastena) - with the back of the hand, with a slap, with the bare hand

• जघ्निवान् (jaghnivān) - he killed, he slew

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतिबुद्धः (pratibuddhaḥ) - awakened, woken up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratibuddha

pratibuddha - awakened, having woken up, come to consciousness

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'budh' (to awaken) with prefix 'prati' (back, again) + kta (passive participle suffix).

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction indicating contrast or emphasis.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; also a proper name (one of the Pāṇḍavas)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'apothayat' and 'jaghnivān'.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

सर्पान् (sarpān) - snakes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Root: sṛp (class 1)

अपोथयत् (apothayat) - he crushed, he slew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of poth

Imperfect tense, derived from root 'puth' (to crush) or 'poth' (causative of 'puth').

Root: puth (class 1)

Note: Subject is Bhīma.

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Root: sṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (the one who caused the biting).

दयितम् (dayitam) - beloved, dear

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dayita

dayita - beloved, dear, liked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'day' (to pity, love) + kta (passive participle suffix).

Root: day (class 1)

अपहस्तेन (apahastena) - with the back of the hand, with a slap, with the bare hand

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of apahasta

apahasta - back of the hand, a blow with the back of the hand

Compound type : Tatpurusha (apa+hasta)

• apa – away, off, back
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates instrument.

जघ्निवान् (jaghnivān) - he killed, he slew

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to slay

Perfect Active Participle

Formed from root 'han' (to kill) + kvansu (perfect active participle suffix).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīmaḥ', acting as a finite verb in effect.