महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-119, verse-12

ताः सुघोरं तपः कृत्वा देव्यो भरतसत्तम ।
देहं त्यक्त्वा महाराज गतिमिष्टां ययुस्तदा ॥१२॥

12. tāḥ sughoraṁ tapaḥ kṛtvā devyo bharatasattama ,
dehaṁ tyaktvā mahārāja gatimiṣṭāṁ yayustadā.

12. tāḥ su-ghoram tapaḥ kṛtvā devyaḥ bharata-sattama
deham tyaktvā mahā-rāja gatim iṣṭām yayuḥ tadā

12. O best of Bhāratas, O great king, those goddesses, having performed extremely severe austerities (tapas) and having abandoned their bodies, then attained their desired destination.

12. הו מלך גדול, מצוין בני בְּהַרַטַה, הנשים האלוהיות האלה, אחרי תרגול קשה ביותר, נטשו את גופן והגיעו אז ליעד הרצוי.

Words meanings summery:

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

• सु-घोरम् (su-ghoram) - extremely terrible, very severe

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• देव्यः (devyaḥ) - Satyavatī, Ambikā, and Ambālikā (goddesses, divine women)

• भरत-सत्तम (bharata-sattama) - O best of Bhāratas

• देहम् (deham) - body

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - O great king

• गतिम् (gatim) - destination, state, course

• इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - desired, wished for, beloved

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they attained

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the women mentioned in the previous verse (Satyavatī and her daughters-in-law).

सु-घोरम् (su-ghoram) - extremely terrible, very severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of su-ghora

su-ghora - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+ghora)

• su – very, exceedingly, intensely
  indeclinable
• ghora – terrible, dreadful, awful
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tapaḥ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - religious austerity, penance, heat

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √kṛ (to do, make) + suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

देव्यः (devyaḥ) - Satyavatī, Ambikā, and Ambālikā (goddesses, divine women)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady

Note: Refers to Satyavatī, Ambikā, and Ambālikā; elevated to 'goddesses' due to their asceticism.

भरत-सत्तम (bharata-sattama) - O best of Bhāratas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharata-sattama

bharata-sattama - best among the Bhāratas

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of sat (good)

Note: An address to the listener.

देहम् (deham) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, physical form

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √tyaj (to abandon) + suffix -tvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahā-rāja

mahā-rāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to the listener.

गतिम् (gatim) - destination, state, course

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, destination, state

From root √gam (to go) + suffix -ti

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'yayuḥ'.

इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - desired, wished for, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, sacred, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

From root √iṣ (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'gatim'.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they attained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

perfect tense

From root √yā (to go), 3rd person plural perfect active

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'tāḥ devyaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

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