महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-119, verse-23

एवं स धार्तराष्ट्राणां स्पर्धमानो वृकोदरः ।
अप्रियेऽतिष्ठदत्यन्तं बाल्यान्न द्रोहचेतसा ॥२३॥

23. evaṁ sa dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ spardhamāno vṛkodaraḥ ,
apriye'tiṣṭhadatyantaṁ bālyānna drohacetasā.

23. evam saḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām spardhamānaḥ vṛkodaraḥ
| apriye atiṣṭhat atyantam bālyāt na drohacetasā

23. Thus, Vṛkodara, while competing with the Dhārtarāṣṭras, constantly remained in their disfavor, but this was due to childishness, not from any malicious intent.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• सः (saḥ) - he (Vṛkodara) (he, that)

• धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām) - of the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) (of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, of the Dhārtarāṣṭras)

• स्पर्धमानः (spardhamānaḥ) - competing, challenging

• वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Vṛkodara, the son of Pāṇḍu, Bhīma (Vṛkodara (Bhīma))

• अप्रिये (apriye) - in disfavor (in an unpleasant state, in disfavor, in dislike)

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he stood, he remained

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - greatly, constantly (exceedingly, greatly, constantly)

• बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - due to childishness (from childhood, from childishness, due to childishness)

• न (na) - not, nor

• द्रोहचेतसा (drohacetasā) - with malicious intent (with a mind for harm, with malicious intent, with treachery)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Vṛkodara) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vṛkodara.

धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām) - of the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) (of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, of the Dhārtarāṣṭras)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Vṛddhi derivation from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: Implies "competing with/against them".

स्पर्धमानः (spardhamānaḥ) - competing, challenging

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of spardhamāna

spardhamāna - competing, challenging

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From spardh (to compete, to rival) + śānac suffix.

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Modifies vṛkodaraḥ.

वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Vṛkodara, the son of Pāṇḍu, Bhīma (Vṛkodara (Bhīma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied; an epithet for Bhīma

Compound: vṛka (wolf) + udara (belly).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of atiṣṭhat.

अप्रिये (apriye) - in disfavor (in an unpleasant state, in disfavor, in dislike)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disliked, unfavorable; something unpleasant, disfavor

a (not) + priya (dear, pleasing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  From prī (to please)
  Root: prī

Note: Often used with verbs like sthā (to stand/remain).

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he stood, he remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect Active

Root sthā (1st class) with augment a- for imperfect.

Root: sthā (class 1)

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - greatly, constantly (exceedingly, greatly, constantly)

(indeclinable)

ati (exceeding) + anta (end)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+anta)

• ati – beyond, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  prefix
• anta – end, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverb modifying atiṣṭhat.

बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - due to childishness (from childhood, from childishness, due to childishness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bālya

bālya - childhood, childishness, infancy

From bāla (child)

Note: Indicates reason.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates drohacetasā.

द्रोहचेतसा (drohacetasā) - with malicious intent (with a mind for harm, with malicious intent, with treachery)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of drohacetas

drohacetas - one whose mind is for harming/treachery

Compound droha (treachery/harm) + cetas (mind)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droha+cetas)

• droha – injury, malice, treachery, harm
  noun (masculine)
  From druh (to injure, to harm)
  Root: druh (class 4)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  From cit (to perceive)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.