महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-119, verse-21

प्रहारवेगाभिहताद्द्रुमाद्व्याघूर्णितास्ततः ।
सफलाः प्रपतन्ति स्म द्रुतं स्रस्ताः कुमारकाः ॥२१॥

21. prahāravegābhihatāddrumādvyāghūrṇitāstataḥ ,
saphalāḥ prapatanti sma drutaṁ srastāḥ kumārakāḥ.

21. prāharavegābhihatāt drumāt vyāghūrṇitāḥ tataḥ |
saphalāḥ prapatanti sma drutam srastāḥ kumārakāḥ

21. Shaken and having slipped, the boys, laden with fruit, quickly fell down from the tree that had been struck by the force of the blow.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राहरवेगाभिहतात् (prāharavegābhihatāt) - from the tree struck by the force of a blow (from the one struck by the force of a blow; from the one hit by the speed of an attack)

• द्रुमात् (drumāt) - from the tree

• व्याघूर्णिताः (vyāghūrṇitāḥ) - shaken, whirled, reeling, agitated

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from there, therefore)

• सफलाः (saphalāḥ) - bearing fruit (referring to the boys carrying fruit) (fruitful, successful, bearing fruit)

• प्रपतन्ति (prapatanti) - they fall down

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense (particle indicating past tense, indeed)

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

• स्रस्ताः (srastāḥ) - fallen, slipped, dropped

• कुमारकाः (kumārakāḥ) - boys, young men

Words meanings and morphology

प्राहरवेगाभिहतात् (prāharavegābhihatāt) - from the tree struck by the force of a blow (from the one struck by the force of a blow; from the one hit by the speed of an attack)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prāharavegābhihata

prāharavegābhihata - struck by the force of a blow; hit by the speed of an attack

Past Passive Participle

Formed from abhihata (hit) preceded by prāharavega (force of a blow); abhihata from abhi-han (to strike).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāhāra+vega+abhihata)

• prāhāra – blow, strike, attack
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-hṛ (to strike)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• vega – speed, force, impetus
  noun (masculine)
  From vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij
• abhihata – struck, hit, attacked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From abhi-han (to strike)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies drumāt.

द्रुमात् (drumāt) - from the tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

व्याघूर्णिताः (vyāghūrṇitāḥ) - shaken, whirled, reeling, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyāghūrṇita

vyāghūrṇita - shaken, whirled, reeling, agitated

Past Passive Participle

From vi-ā-ghūrṇ (to shake, to whirl)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: ghūrṇ (class 10)

Note: Modifies kumārakāḥ.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

सफलाः (saphalāḥ) - bearing fruit (referring to the boys carrying fruit) (fruitful, successful, bearing fruit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saphala

saphala - fruitful, successful, bearing fruit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+phala)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies kumārakāḥ.

प्रपतन्ति (prapatanti) - they fall down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prapat

Present Active

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used with sma to indicate past action.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense (particle indicating past tense, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: When sma is used with a present tense verb, it renders the verb into the past tense.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From dru (to run)

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

स्रस्ताः (srastāḥ) - fallen, slipped, dropped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of srasta

srasta - fallen, slipped, dropped

Past Passive Participle

From sraṃs (to fall, to drop)

Root: sraṃs (class 1)

Note: Modifies kumārakāḥ.

कुमारकाः (kumārakāḥ) - boys, young men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kumāraka

kumāraka - boy, young man

Diminutive of kumāra

Note: Subject of prapatanti sma.