महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-113, verse-25

ऋतावृतौ राजपुत्रि स्त्रिया भर्ता यतव्रते ।
नातिवर्तव्य इत्येवं धर्मं धर्मविदो विदुः ॥२५॥

25. ṛtāvṛtau rājaputri striyā bhartā yatavrate ,
nātivartavya ityevaṁ dharmaṁ dharmavido viduḥ.

25. ṛtau ṛtau rājaputri striyā bhartā yatavrate na
ativartavyaḥ iti evam dharmam dharmavidaḥ viduḥ

25. O princess, O one firm in her vows, those who understand (dharma) know this: that a husband should not be disregarded by his wife during the proper season.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋतौ (ṛtau) - in the season, during the proper period

• ऋतौ (ṛtau) - in the season, during the proper period

• राजपुत्रि (rājaputri) - O princess

• स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman, by the wife

• भर्ता (bhartā) - the husband, the maintainer

• यतव्रते (yatavrate) - O one firm in vows, O one who has taken a vow

• न (na) - not, no

• अतिवर्तव्यः (ativartavyaḥ) - to be transgressed, to be disobeyed, to be crossed

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks quotation or summary)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, natural law, constitution, righteousness (dharma)

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of (dharma), those who understand (dharma)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

ऋतौ (ṛtau) - in the season, during the proper period

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, proper time, menstruation

Note: Repetition 'ṛtau ṛtau' means 'in every season' or 'repeatedly in season'.

ऋतौ (ṛtau) - in the season, during the proper period

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, proper time, menstruation

Note: Repetition 'ṛtau ṛtau' means 'in every season' or 'repeatedly in season'.

राजपुत्रि (rājaputri) - O princess

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of rājaputrī

rājaputrī - princess, king's daughter

A tatpuruṣa compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'putrī' (daughter).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putrī)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putrī – daughter
  noun (feminine)

स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman, by the wife

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife

भर्ता (bhartā) - the husband, the maintainer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, lord, maintainer, supporter

Agent noun from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, to support, to maintain).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

यतव्रते (yatavrate) - O one firm in vows, O one who has taken a vow

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of yatavratā

yatavratā - one whose vows are restrained/firm, firm in vows

A bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose vow (vrata) is restrained/firm (yata)'. 'Yata' is a past passive participle of root 'yam'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – restrained, controlled, firm
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root 'yam' (to restrain, control).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अतिवर्तव्यः (ativartavyaḥ) - to be transgressed, to be disobeyed, to be crossed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ativartavya

ativartavya - to be transgressed, to be disobeyed, to be crossed, to be disregarded

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefix 'ati' (over, beyond).

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks quotation or summary)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, natural law, constitution, righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, moral law, virtue, (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of (dharma), those who understand (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of (dharma), one conversant with moral law

A tatpuruṣa compound of 'dharma' and 'vid' (knowing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, moral law, virtue, (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, understanding, knower
  adjective
  Root (used as noun/adjective)
  Root: vid (class 2)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)