महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-113, verse-18

भार्यां तथा व्युच्चरतः कौमारीं ब्रह्मचारिणीम् ।
पतिव्रतामेतदेव भविता पातकं भुवि ॥१८॥

18. bhāryāṁ tathā vyuccarataḥ kaumārīṁ brahmacāriṇīm ,
pativratāmetadeva bhavitā pātakaṁ bhuvi.

18. bhāryām tathā vyuccarataḥ kaumārīm brahmacāriṇīm
pativratām etat eva bhavitā pātakam bhuvi

18. Similarly, for a man who abandons his wife—one who has remained a virgin (kaumārī), observed sacred vows (brahmacāriṇī), and is devoted to her husband (pativratā)—this same sin (pātaka) shall befall him on earth.

18. וכך גם גבר שבוגד באשתו, שהייתה בתולה בימי נעוריה, שומרת צניעות ונאמנה לבעלה. גם זה יהיה חטא בעולם.

Words meanings summery:

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - his wife (wife)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so)

• व्युच्चरतः (vyuccarataḥ) - for a man who abandons (of one who is abandoning, of one who is transgressing)

• कौमारीम् (kaumārīm) - a virgin (virgin, maiden, belonging to a kumārī)

• ब्रह्मचारिणीम् (brahmacāriṇīm) - one who observes sacred vows (brahmacāriṇī) (observing sacred studies, chaste, celibate)

• पतिव्रताम् (pativratām) - devoted to her husband (pativratā) (devoted to her husband, chaste)

• एतत् (etat) - this same (sin) (this)

• एव (eva) - same, indeed (indeed, only, just)

• भविता (bhavitā) - shall occur (will be, will happen)

• पातकम् (pātakam) - sin (pātaka) (sin, crime)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on the earth, in the world)

Words meanings and morphology

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - his wife (wife)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, woman to be maintained

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root bhṛ (to bear, maintain) with ṇya suffix, feminine.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of vyuccarataḥ.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

व्युच्चरतः (vyuccarataḥ) - for a man who abandons (of one who is abandoning, of one who is transgressing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyuccarat

vyuccarat - abandoning, transgressing, going out

Present Active Participle

Derived from the verb root car (to move/go) with prefixes vi and ud, forming vyuccar, and then the śatṛ (at) suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: car (class 1)

Note: The agent is implied, usually 'of a man'. The dative sense 'for' is also possible with genitive.

कौमारीम् (kaumārīm) - a virgin (virgin, maiden, belonging to a kumārī)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaumārī

kaumārī - virgin, maiden, young girl, one who observes celibacy

Derived from kumāra (boy, youth) + ī (feminine suffix).

ब्रह्मचारिणीम् (brahmacāriṇīm) - one who observes sacred vows (brahmacāriṇī) (observing sacred studies, chaste, celibate)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of brahmacāriṇī

brahmacāriṇī - female observer of sacred study or celibacy, chaste woman

Feminine form of brahmacārin. Compound: brahman (Veda/sacred knowledge) + cārin (practicing/following).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – practicing, observing, going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root car
  Derived from root car (to move/practice) with suffix ṇin. Agent noun/adjective.
  Root: car (class 1)

पतिव्रताम् (pativratām) - devoted to her husband (pativratā) (devoted to her husband, chaste)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pativratā

pativratā - a faithful and devoted wife, a chaste woman

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (pati+vrata)

• pati – husband, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, duty, sacred work
  noun (neuter)

एतत् (etat) - this same (sin) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to pātakam.

एव (eva) - same, indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

भविता (bhavitā) - shall occur (will be, will happen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (luṭ) of bhū

Periphrastic future, equivalent to bhaviṣyati.

Root: bhū (class 1)

पातकम् (pātakam) - sin (pātaka) (sin, crime)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātaka

pātaka - sin, crime, causing downfall, sinful act

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject of bhavitā.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on the earth, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world, place

Note: Locative of place.

Previous Verse Next Verse