योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-46, verse-5

यदृच्छयैकदाथासावतिष्ठत्त्यक्तभूषणः ।
अतमस्तारकेन्द्वर्कतेजोऽम्भोदमिवाम्बरम् ॥ ५ ॥

yadṛcchayaikadāthāsāvatiṣṭhattyaktabhūṣaṇaḥ ,
atamastārakendvarkatejo'mbhodamivāmbaram 5

5. yadṛcchayā ekadā atha asau atiṣṭhat tyaktabhūṣaṇaḥ
atamaḥ tārakendvarkatejaḥ ambhodam iva ambaram

5. atha ekadā yadṛcchayā asau tyaktabhūṣaṇaḥ atiṣṭhat
atamaḥ tārakendvarkatejaḥ ambhodam iva ambaram

5. Then, once, by chance, he remained without ornaments. He was free from darkness, possessing the brilliance of stars, the moon, and the sun, appearing like the sky (ambara) when it is completely clear of clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, by accident, spontaneously.

• एकदा (ekadā) - once, one time, at some time.

• अथ (atha) - Marks a new beginning or sequence. (then, thereupon, moreover.)

• असौ (asau) - Refers to the main subject, the 'śvapaca' from the previous verse. (that (person), he.)

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he stood, he remained, he existed.

• त्यक्तभूषणः (tyaktabhūṣaṇaḥ) - one who has abandoned ornaments, without ornaments.

• अतमः (atamaḥ) - without darkness, radiant, clear.

• तारकेन्द्वर्कतेजः (tārakendvarkatejaḥ) - whose brilliance is of stars, moon, and sun.

• अम्भोदम् (ambhodam) - In the context of 'atamaḥ' (without darkness), 'tārakendvarkatejaḥ' (star-moon-sun brilliance), and comparison with 'ambaram' (sky), the phrase 'ambhodam iva ambaram' implies a clear, cloudless sky, contributing to the radiance rather than obscuring it. Thus, 'cloud' here signifies absence of obstruction, or a luminous aspect rather than a dark rain-cloud. (cloud, rain-cloud.)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if.

• अम्बरम् (ambaram) - Here, the sky. (sky, atmosphere, clothing.)

Words meanings and morphology

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, by accident, spontaneously.

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - chance, spontaneity, arbitrary will.

From 'yat' (what) + 'ṛcchā' (wish).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yat+ṛcchā)

• yat – which, what.
  pronoun (neuter)
  Stem of relative pronoun.
• ṛcchā – wish, desire, will.
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'ṛch' + 'ā' suffix.
  Root: ṛch (class 1)

एकदा (ekadā) - once, one time, at some time.

(indeclinable)

From 'eka' (one) + 'dā' (time suffix).

Note: Adverb of time.

अथ (atha) - Marks a new beginning or sequence. (then, thereupon, moreover.)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

असौ (asau) - Refers to the main subject, the 'śvapaca' from the previous verse. (that (person), he.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (remote demonstrative pronoun).

Nominative singular masculine of 'adas'.

Note: Subject of 'atiṣṭhat'.

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he stood, he remained, he existed.

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular, root 'sthā'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

त्यक्तभूषणः (tyaktabhūṣaṇaḥ) - one who has abandoned ornaments, without ornaments.

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyaktabhūṣaṇa

tyaktabhūṣaṇa - having abandoned ornaments, without ornaments.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+bhūṣaṇa)

• tyakta – abandoned, given up, forsaken.
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tyaj' + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• bhūṣaṇa – ornament, decoration, adornment.
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhūṣ' + 'ana' suffix.
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying 'asau'.

अतमः (atamaḥ) - without darkness, radiant, clear.

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atamas

atamas - without darkness, free from ignorance, radiant, clear.

Compound 'a' (not) + 'tamas' (darkness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tamas)

• a – not, un-, non-.
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tamas – darkness, gloom, ignorance.
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'asau'.

तारकेन्द्वर्कतेजः (tārakendvarkatejaḥ) - whose brilliance is of stars, moon, and sun.

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tārakendvarkatejas

tārakendvarkatejas - whose brilliance is of stars, moon, and sun.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tāraka+indu+arka+tejas)

• tāraka – star, pupil of the eye.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tṝ (class 1)
• indu – moon, drop, spot.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: und (class 7)
• arka – sun, ray, praise, hymn.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arc (class 1)
• tejas – brilliance, light, energy, sharp edge.
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Adjective modifying 'asau'.

अम्भोदम् (ambhodam) - In the context of 'atamaḥ' (without darkness), 'tārakendvarkatejaḥ' (star-moon-sun brilliance), and comparison with 'ambaram' (sky), the phrase 'ambhodam iva ambaram' implies a clear, cloudless sky, contributing to the radiance rather than obscuring it. Thus, 'cloud' here signifies absence of obstruction, or a luminous aspect rather than a dark rain-cloud. (cloud, rain-cloud.)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ambhoda

ambhoda - cloud, rain-cloud.

Compound 'ambhas' (water) + 'da' (giver).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ambhas+da)

• ambhas – water.
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, giver.
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix
  From root 'dā' + 'a' suffix.
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Part of a simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if.

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अम्बरम् (ambaram) - Here, the sky. (sky, atmosphere, clothing.)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ambara

ambara - sky, atmosphere, clothing.

Note: Part of a simile.