योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-46, verse-28

एक एव बभूवासौ जनमध्यगतोऽपि सन् ।
अर्थादिगुणनिर्मुक्तः परदेश इवाध्वगः ॥ २८ ॥

eka eva babhūvāsau janamadhyagato'pi san ,
arthādiguṇanirmuktaḥ paradeśa ivādhvagaḥ 28

28. ekaḥ eva babhūva asau jana-madhya-gataḥ api san
artha-ādi-guṇa-nirmuktaḥ para-deśe iva adhvagaḥ

28. asau ekaḥ eva babhūva api san jana-madhya-gataḥ
artha-ādi-guṇa-nirmuktaḥ adhvagaḥ iva para-deśe

28. Even while he was among people, that one remained utterly alone, free from qualities like wealth (artha), much like a traveler in a foreign land.

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, singular

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

• असौ (asau) - that one, he

• जन-मध्य-गतः (jana-madhya-gataḥ) - gone into the midst of people, in the middle of people

• अपि (api) - even, also, though

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• अर्थ-आदि-गुण-निर्मुक्तः (artha-ādi-guṇa-nirmuktaḥ) - devoid of qualities like wealth, free from wealth and other virtues

• पर-देशे (para-deśe) - in a foreign land/country

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अध्वगः (adhvagaḥ) - traveler, wayfarer

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, singular

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect active, 3rd person singular, from root bhū (reduplicated form).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'asau'.

असौ (asau) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder, this, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of 'adas'.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जन-मध्य-गतः (jana-madhya-gataḥ) - gone into the midst of people, in the middle of people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana-madhya-gata

jana-madhya-gata - situated in the midst of people

Compound formed with 'gata' (PPP of gam).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+madhya+gata)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• madhya – middle, midst
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, though

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Used with 'san' (being) to mean 'even while being'.

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real, true

Present Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular of the present active participle of root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

अर्थ-आदि-गुण-निर्मुक्तः (artha-ādi-guṇa-nirmuktaḥ) - devoid of qualities like wealth, free from wealth and other virtues

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha-ādi-guṇa-nirmukta

artha-ādi-guṇa-nirmukta - free from qualities like wealth (artha) etc.

Compound ending in 'nirmukta' (released, freed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+ādi+guṇa+nirmukta)

• artha – wealth, purpose, meaning (artha)
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• nirmukta – released, freed from, devoid of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root muc with upasarga nir.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Describes 'asau'.

पर-देशे (para-deśe) - in a foreign land/country

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of para-deśa

para-deśa - foreign country, other land

Locative singular of 'para-deśa'.

Compound type : karmadharaya (para+deśa)

• para – other, foreign, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• deśa – country, region, place
  noun (masculine)
  Root: diś (class 6)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अध्वगः (adhvagaḥ) - traveler, wayfarer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhvaga

adhvaga - traveler, wayfarer, one who goes on a road

Compound of 'adhvan' (road) and 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhvan+ga)

• adhvan – road, path, journey
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, a goer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from root gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)