योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-46, verse-43

किं मे जीवितदुःखेन मरणं मे महोत्सवः ।
लोकनिन्द्यस्य दुर्जन्तोर्जीवितान्मरणं वरम् ॥ ४३ ॥

kiṃ me jīvitaduḥkhena maraṇaṃ me mahotsavaḥ ,
lokanindyasya durjantorjīvitānmaraṇaṃ varam 43

43. kim me jīvitaduḥkhena maraṇam me mahotsavaḥ
lokanindyasya durjantoḥ jīvitāt maraṇam varam

43. me jīvitaduḥkhena kim? me maraṇam mahotsavaḥ.
lokanindyasya durjantoḥ jīvitāt maraṇam varam.

43. What is the use of this miserable life for me? Death itself would be a great celebration for me. For a wicked person, scorned by the world, death is preferable to living.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what use? (what?, why?, what use?)

• मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

• जीवितदुःखेन (jīvitaduḥkhena) - by this miserable life (by the misery of life, by the sorrow of living)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

• मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

• महोत्सवः (mahotsavaḥ) - a great celebration (great festival, great celebration)

• लोकनिन्द्यस्य (lokanindyasya) - of one scorned by the world (of one scorned by people, of one despised by the world)

• दुर्जन्तोः (durjantoḥ) - of a wicked person (of a wicked person, of an evil being, of a low-born person)

• जीवितात् (jīvitāt) - than living (than life, from life)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

• वरम् (varam) - preferable (better, preferable, excellent, best)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what use? (what?, why?, what use?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?, why?

Note: Used here adverbially to imply 'what is the use?'

मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular.

जीवितदुःखेन (jīvitaduḥkhena) - by this miserable life (by the misery of life, by the sorrow of living)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jīvitaduḥkha

jīvitaduḥkha - sorrow of life, misery of living

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+duḥkha)

• jīvita – life, living, alive
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, act of dying

Action noun

Derived from root mṛ (to die) with suffix -ana.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular.

महोत्सवः (mahotsavaḥ) - a great celebration (great festival, great celebration)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahotsava

mahotsava - great festival, great occasion, great celebration

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+utsava)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• utsava – festival, feast, joy, enthusiasm
  noun (masculine)

लोकनिन्द्यस्य (lokanindyasya) - of one scorned by the world (of one scorned by people, of one despised by the world)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of lokanindya

lokanindya - to be scorned by people, despised by the world

Gerundive/Passive Future Participle

Derived from root nind (to blame, censure) with suffix -ya, preceded by loka (world/people).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+nindya)

• loka – world, people, folk
  noun (masculine)
• nindya – to be blamed, censurable, despised
  adjective
  Gerundive/Passive Future Participle
  Derived from root nind (to blame) with suffix -ya.
  Root: nind (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'durjantoḥ'.

दुर्जन्तोः (durjantoḥ) - of a wicked person (of a wicked person, of an evil being, of a low-born person)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durjantu

durjantu - wicked person, vile creature, low-born being

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+jantu)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult (prefix)
  indeclinable
• jantu – creature, being, person
  noun (masculine)

जीवितात् (jīvitāt) - than living (than life, from life)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, alive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jīv (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used with 'varam' (better) to indicate comparison.

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, act of dying

Action noun

Derived from root mṛ (to die) with suffix -ana.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

वरम् (varam) - preferable (better, preferable, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, preferable, choice, boon

Derived from root vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'is'.