योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-43, verse-5

प्रस्तुतेति कथा यावन्मिथो मधुरभाषिणोः ।
तावत्प्रविश्य संभ्रान्त उवाचोर्ध्वस्थितो नरः ॥ ५ ॥

prastuteti kathā yāvanmitho madhurabhāṣiṇoḥ ,
tāvatpraviśya saṃbhrānta uvācordhvasthito naraḥ 5

5. prastutā iti kathā yāvat mithaḥ madhurabhāṣiṇoḥ
tāvat praviśya sambhrāntaḥ uvāca ūrdhvasthitaḥ naraḥ

5. yāvat mithaḥ madhurabhāṣiṇoḥ prastutā iti kathā
tāvat sambhrāntaḥ ūrdhvasthitaḥ naraḥ praviśya uvāca

5. While this story was unfolding between the two sweet-speaking individuals, a man, agitated, entered and, standing up, spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रस्तुता (prastutā) - having begun, introduced (referring to the story) (presented, begun, introduced)

• इति (iti) - thus (indicating the story's commencement) (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation/report)

• कथा (kathā) - the story (being told) (story, tale, narrative)

• यावत् (yāvat) - while, as long as (temporal conjunction) (as long as, while, as much as)

• मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, between them (referring to the two speakers) (mutually, secretly, to each other)

• मधुरभाषिणोः (madhurabhāṣiṇoḥ) - of the two (people) speaking sweetly (of the two sweet-speakers)

• तावत् (tāvat) - then (correlating with `yāvat`) (then, at that time, so long)

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered (the scene) (having entered)

• सम्भ्रान्तः (sambhrāntaḥ) - agitated, perplexed (describing the man) (agitated, perplexed, alarmed)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (the man) said (he said, spoke)

• ऊर्ध्वस्थितः (ūrdhvasthitaḥ) - standing up (describing the man) (standing up, risen, erect)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man (who spoke) (man, person, human being)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रस्तुता (prastutā) - having begun, introduced (referring to the story) (presented, begun, introduced)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prastuta

prastuta - presented, introduced, begun, praised

Past Passive Participle

From verb root `stu` (to praise) with prefix `pra`. `pra-√stu + kta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `kathā`.

इति (iti) - thus (indicating the story's commencement) (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation/report)

(indeclinable)

कथा (kathā) - the story (being told) (story, tale, narrative)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, conversation

From verb root `kath` (to tell).

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb.

यावत् (yāvat) - while, as long as (temporal conjunction) (as long as, while, as much as)

(indeclinable)

मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, between them (referring to the two speakers) (mutually, secretly, to each other)

(indeclinable)

मधुरभाषिणोः (madhurabhāṣiṇoḥ) - of the two (people) speaking sweetly (of the two sweet-speakers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of madhurabhāṣin

madhurabhāṣin - sweet-speaking, eloquent

Compound `madhura` (sweet) + `bhāṣin` (speaking, from `bhāṣ` to speak).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhura+bhāṣin)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāṣin – speaking, telling
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root `bhāṣ` (to speak) + suffix `in`.
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied two people.

तावत् (tāvat) - then (correlating with `yāvat`) (then, at that time, so long)

(indeclinable)

Correlative to `yāvat`.

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered (the scene) (having entered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From verb root `viś` (to enter) with prefix `pra`. `pra-√viś + lyap`.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Acts as an adverbial modifier to `uvāca`.

सम्भ्रान्तः (sambhrāntaḥ) - agitated, perplexed (describing the man) (agitated, perplexed, alarmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sambhrānta

sambhrānta - agitated, perplexed, alarmed, confused

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhram` (to wander) with prefix `sam`. `sam-√bhram + kta`.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

उवाच (uvāca) - (the man) said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular

`√vac` (to speak) in the perfect tense. The root takes `uv` as a reduplication prefix.

Root: vac (class 2)

ऊर्ध्वस्थितः (ūrdhvasthitaḥ) - standing up (describing the man) (standing up, risen, erect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvasthita

ūrdhvasthita - standing up, risen, erect, situated above

Past Passive Participle (of `sthā` combined with `ūrdhva`)

Compound `ūrdhva` (up, upwards) + `sthita` (standing, situated, PPP of `sthā`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ūrdhva+sthita)

• ūrdhva – upwards, high, above
  indeclinable (neuter)
• sthita – standing, situated, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `sthā` (to stand) + `kta`.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `naraḥ`.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man (who spoke) (man, person, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

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