योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-43, verse-1

श्रीसरस्वत्युवाच ।
अस्मिन् रणवरे राजन्मर्तव्यं भवताधुना ।
प्राप्तव्यं प्राक्तनं राज्यं सर्वं प्रत्यक्षमेव ते ॥ १ ॥

śrīsarasvatyuvāca ,
asmin raṇavare rājanmartavyaṃ bhavatādhunā ,
prāptavyaṃ prāktanaṃ rājyaṃ sarvaṃ pratyakṣameva te 1

1. śrī-sarasvatī uvāca asmin raṇavare rājan martavyam bhavatā
adhunā prāptavyam prāktanam rājyam sarvam pratyakṣam eva te

1. śrī-sarasvatī uvāca rājan adhunā asmin raṇavare bhavatā
martavyam prāktanam sarvam rājyam prāptavyam te pratyakṣam eva

1. Śrī Sarasvatī said: 'O King, you must now die in this great battle. Your former kingdom must be regained. All this is indeed evident to you.'

Words meanings summery:

• श्री-सरस्वती (śrī-sarasvatī) - The goddess Sarasvatī (Śrī Sarasvatī)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (battle) (in this)

• रणवरे (raṇavare) - in this great battle (in the great battle, in the excellent war)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing the listener) (O King)

• मर्तव्यम् (martavyam) - you must die (must be died, death is to be faced)

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (referring to the king) (by you, by your honor)

• अधुना (adhunā) - now (now, at present)

• प्राप्तव्यम् (prāptavyam) - must be regained (must be obtained, to be acquired)

• प्राक्तनम् (prāktanam) - former (former, previous, ancient)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of this, the situation) (all, every, whole)

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - evident, clear (visible, evident, directly perceived)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, only)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

Words meanings and morphology

श्री-सरस्वती (śrī-sarasvatī) - The goddess Sarasvatī (Śrī Sarasvatī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śrī-sarasvatī

śrī-sarasvatī - The goddess Sarasvatī

Note: Subject of the verb uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect active

Root vac, class 2, perfect tense (Lit), 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplication of the root (vac -> uvāc).

Root: vac (class 2)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (battle) (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Adjectivally modifies 'raṇavare'.

रणवरे (raṇavare) - in this great battle (in the great battle, in the excellent war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇavara

raṇavara - great battle, excellent war

Compound 'raṇa' (battle) + 'vara' (best, excellent).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (raṇa+vara)

• raṇa – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• vara – best, excellent, choice
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vṛ (to choose), meaning 'chosen, best'.
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Indicates the location of the impending death.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing the listener) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

मर्तव्यम् (martavyam) - you must die (must be died, death is to be faced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of martavya

martavya - to be died, to be faced with death

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root mṛ (to die) with suffix -tavya. Used impersonally or with agent in instrumental case ('bhavatā martavyam' means 'death must be faced by you').

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Impersonal construction, 'it is to be died'. The agent ('bhavatā') is in the instrumental case.

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (referring to the king) (by you, by your honor)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you

`bhavat` is a polite form of address, technically a present active participle of `bhū` (to be) used as a pronoun/noun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent in the passive gerundive construction 'martavyam'.

अधुना (adhunā) - now (now, at present)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

प्राप्तव्यम् (prāptavyam) - must be regained (must be obtained, to be acquired)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāptavya

prāptavya - to be obtained, to be reached

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra- and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective, agreeing with 'rājyam'.

प्राक्तनम् (prāktanam) - former (former, previous, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāktana

prāktana - former, previous, ancient

Derived from 'prāk' (before) with the suffix '-tana'.

Note: Adjectival modifier for 'rājyam'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

From 'rājan' (king) with the suffix '-ya'.

Note: Subject of the passive gerundive 'prāptavyam'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of this, the situation) (all, every, whole)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to the entire context of dying and regaining the kingdom.

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - evident, clear (visible, evident, directly perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - perceptible, visible, evident, directly perceived

Compound 'prati' (towards) + 'akṣa' (eye). Literally 'before the eyes'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sarvam'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis.

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word 'pratyakṣam'.

ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Enclitic pronominal form of the 2nd person pronoun.

Note: Indicates the recipient (the king) of the evident situation.

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