योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-43, verse-28

अथ शुश्राव तत्रासौ गिरो राजा विदूरथः ।
योधानां दग्धदाराणां पश्यतामभिधावताम् ॥ २८ ॥

atha śuśrāva tatrāsau giro rājā vidūrathaḥ ,
yodhānāṃ dagdhadārāṇāṃ paśyatāmabhidhāvatām 28

28. atha śuśrāva tatra asau giraḥ rājā vidūrathaḥ
yodhānām dagdhadārāṇām paśyatām abhidhāvatām

28. atha asau rājā vidūrathaḥ tatra dagdhadārāṇām
paśyatām abhidhāvatām yodhānām giraḥ śuśrāva

28. Then, King Vidūratha heard voices there from the warriors, whose wives had been burnt, as they watched and ran.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereupon, now)

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - King Vidūratha heard (he heard)

• तत्र (tatra) - in the place where the devastation was occurring (there, in that place)

• असौ (asau) - he, referring to King Vidūratha (he, that one)

• गिरः (giraḥ) - the voices or utterances of the warriors (words, voices, speeches)

• राजा (rājā) - King Vidūratha (king)

• विदूरथः (vidūrathaḥ) - King Vidūratha, the specific king mentioned (Vidūratha (proper name))

• योधानाम् (yodhānām) - the voices belonged to these warriors (of the warriors, of the soldiers)

• दग्धदाराणाम् (dagdhadārāṇām) - describing the warriors as those whose wives had perished in the fire (of those whose wives were burnt)

• पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - the warriors who were watching the scene of destruction (watching, seeing)

• अभिधावताम् (abhidhāvatām) - the warriors who were running amidst the chaos (running towards, rushing towards, running away)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to denote commencement or sequence.

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - King Vidūratha heard (he heard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of śru

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Intensive reduplicated form of √śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

तत्र (tatra) - in the place where the devastation was occurring (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun tad (that) with suffix -tra.

असौ (asau) - he, referring to King Vidūratha (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - this, that (far off)

Demonstrative pronoun.

गिरः (giraḥ) - the voices or utterances of the warriors (words, voices, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gir

gir - word, voice, speech

Root √gṝ (to invoke, praise) or √gṛ (to swallow).

Root: gṝ

Note: Object of 'śuśrāva'.

राजा (rājā) - King Vidūratha (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root √rāj (to shine, rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'śuśrāva'.

विदूरथः (vidūrathaḥ) - King Vidūratha, the specific king mentioned (Vidūratha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidūratha

vidūratha - Vidūratha (name of a king)

Compound: vi (prefix) + dūra (distant) + ratha (chariot). Possibly 'one whose chariot is distant/fast'.

Note: Part of the compound subject 'rājā Vidūrathaḥ'.

योधानाम् (yodhānām) - the voices belonged to these warriors (of the warriors, of the soldiers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter

Derived from root √yudh (to fight) with suffix -a.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Possessive case, referring to the source of 'giraḥ'.

दग्धदाराणाम् (dagdhadārāṇām) - describing the warriors as those whose wives had perished in the fire (of those whose wives were burnt)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dagdhadāra

dagdhadāra - one whose wife/wives are burnt

Compound of dagdha (burnt) and dāra (wife).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dagdha+dāra)

• dagdha – burnt, consumed by fire
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dah (to burn, consume) with suffix -ta.
  Root: dah (class 1)
• dāra – wife, spouse
  noun (masculine)
  Always used in masculine plural to denote 'wife' or 'wives'.

Note: Agrees with 'yodhānām'.

पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - the warriors who were watching the scene of destruction (watching, seeing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, watching, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √dṛś (to see), with √paś substituted in present forms.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yodhānām'.

अभिधावताम् (abhidhāvatām) - the warriors who were running amidst the chaos (running towards, rushing towards, running away)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of abhidhāvat

abhidhāvat - running towards, rushing; running away

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √dhāv (to run) with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yodhānām'.

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