योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-43, verse-31

हा तात हेतयो लग्नास्तरुणीकबरीतृणे ।
ज्वलन्ति शुष्कपर्णौघा इव वीरानिलेरिताः ॥ ३१ ॥

hā tāta hetayo lagnāstaruṇīkabarītṛṇe ,
jvalanti śuṣkaparṇaughā iva vīrānileritāḥ 31

31. hā tāta hetayaḥ lagnāḥ taruṇī-kabarī-tṛṇe
jvalanti śuṣka-parṇa-oghāḥ iva vīra-anila-īritāḥ

31. hā tāta hetayaḥ lagnāḥ taruṇī-kabarī-tṛṇe
jvalanti śuṣka-parṇa-oghāḥ iva vīra-anila-īritāḥ

31. Alas, father! The flames are clinging to the grass in the young woman's braid. They burn like masses of dry leaves, stirred by a strong wind.

Words meanings summery:

• हा (hā) - Alas! Oh! Ah!

• तात (tāta) - father, dear one, sir

• हेतयः (hetayaḥ) - flames (of fire) (flames, weapons, causes)

• लग्नाः (lagnāḥ) - clinging, attached, fixed, caught

• तरुणी-कबरी-तृणे (taruṇī-kabarī-tṛṇe) - on the dry grass or straw entangled in the young woman's braid (on the grass of the young woman's braid)

• ज्वलन्ति (jvalanti) - they burn, they blaze

• शुष्क-पर्ण-ओघाः (śuṣka-parṇa-oghāḥ) - masses of dry leaves

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वीर-अनिल-ईरिताः (vīra-anila-īritāḥ) - stirred by a strong wind, impelled by a powerful breeze

Words meanings and morphology

हा (hā) - Alas! Oh! Ah!

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - father, dear one, sir

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, sir (an affectionate term of address)

हेतयः (hetayaḥ) - flames (of fire) (flames, weapons, causes)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of heti

heti - projectile, weapon, flame, cause, impulse

Derived from root √hi (to send, cast).

Root: hi (class 5)

लग्नाः (lagnāḥ) - clinging, attached, fixed, caught

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of lagna

lagna - attached, fixed, adhering, clinging

Past Passive Participle

from root √lag (to cling, adhere) with suffix -ta

Root: lag (class 1)

Note: Feminine plural to agree with 'hetayaḥ'.

तरुणी-कबरी-तृणे (taruṇī-kabarī-tṛṇe) - on the dry grass or straw entangled in the young woman's braid (on the grass of the young woman's braid)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of taruṇī-kabarī-tṛṇa

taruṇī-kabarī-tṛṇa - the grass of a young woman's braid

Compound type : tatpurusha (taruṇī+kabarī+tṛṇa)

• taruṇī – young woman, maiden
  noun (feminine)
• kabarī – braid of hair, coiffure
  noun (feminine)
• tṛṇa – grass, straw
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative singular indicating 'where' the flames cling.

ज्वलन्ति (jvalanti) - they burn, they blaze

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jval

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'hetayaḥ' (feminine plural nominative).

शुष्क-पर्ण-ओघाः (śuṣka-parṇa-oghāḥ) - masses of dry leaves

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śuṣka-parṇa-ogha

śuṣka-parṇa-ogha - a heap or mass of dry leaves

Compound type : tatpurusha (śuṣka+parṇa+ogha)

• śuṣka – dry, withered, parched
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √śuṣ (to dry) with suffix -ka
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• ogha – mass, heap, multitude, flood
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in comparison with the flames.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

वीर-अनिल-ईरिताः (vīra-anila-īritāḥ) - stirred by a strong wind, impelled by a powerful breeze

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra-anila-īrita

vīra-anila-īrita - driven by a strong wind

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from vīra (strong) + anila (wind) in instrumental sense, and īrita (stirred, participle from √īr).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vīra+anila+īrita)

• vīra – strong, powerful, heroic
  adjective (masculine)
• anila – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• īrita – set in motion, stirred, impelled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √īr (to move, stir) with suffix -ta
  Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Masculine plural to agree with 'śuṣka-parṇa-oghāḥ'.

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