योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-10, verse-5

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
विषमोऽयमतिप्रश्नो भवता समुदाहृतः ।
भेत्तास्म्यहं त्वयत्नेन नैशं तम इवांशुमान् ॥ ५ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
viṣamo'yamatipraśno bhavatā samudāhṛtaḥ ,
bhettāsmyahaṃ tvayatnena naiśaṃ tama ivāṃśumān 5

5. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca viṣamaḥ ayam atipraśnaḥ bhavatā samudāhṛtaḥ
bhettā asmi aham tu ayatnena naiśam tamaḥ iva aṃśumān

5. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca.
ayam atipraśnaḥ viṣamaḥ bhavatā samudāhṛtaḥ.
aham tu aṃśumān iva naiśam tamaḥ ayatnena bhettā asmi.

5. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: You have raised a very difficult question. However, I will dispel it effortlessly, just as the sun (aṃśumān) dispels the darkness of night.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - The revered sage Vasiṣṭha, here referring to the speaker. (Śrī Vasiṣṭha, venerable Vasiṣṭha)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Vasiṣṭha) (said, spoke, stated)

• विषमः (viṣamaḥ) - difficult (difficult, uneven, dangerous, abnormal)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• अतिप्रश्नः (atipraśnaḥ) - very difficult question (excessive question, difficult question)

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Rāma) (by you (honorific))

• समुदाहृतः (samudāhṛtaḥ) - raised, stated (stated, mentioned, explained, described)

• भेत्ता (bhettā) - dispeller (will dispel) (dispeller, splitter, destroyer)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• अहम् (aham) - I (Vasiṣṭha) (I)

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)

• अयत्नेन (ayatnena) - effortlessly (effortlessly, without effort)

• नैशम् (naiśam) - nocturnal (darkness) (nocturnal, pertaining to night)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom; ignorance)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• अंशुमान् (aṁśumān) - the sun (aṃśumān) (possessing rays, the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - The revered sage Vasiṣṭha, here referring to the speaker. (Śrī Vasiṣṭha, venerable Vasiṣṭha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - The venerable Vasiṣṭha; name of a celebrated Vedic sage.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – venerable, holy, sacred; prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, auspiciousness
  adjective (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – most excellent, best; name of a celebrated Vedic sage
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Vasiṣṭha) (said, spoke, stated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice. Formed from root `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

विषमः (viṣamaḥ) - difficult (difficult, uneven, dangerous, abnormal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, unequal, difficult, dangerous, arduous, formidable

Note: Adjective modifying `atipraśnaḥ`.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अतिप्रश्नः (atipraśnaḥ) - very difficult question (excessive question, difficult question)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atipraśna

atipraśna - an excessive or too difficult question

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+praśna)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, excessively
  indeclinable
• praśna – question, inquiry
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `pracch` (to ask) with prefix `pra`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pracch

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'is').

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Rāma) (by you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), your honor

Present participle of `bhū` (to be) used as a pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction (`samudāhṛtaḥ`).

समुदाहृतः (samudāhṛtaḥ) - raised, stated (stated, mentioned, explained, described)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudāhṛta

samudāhṛta - stated, uttered, mentioned, explained, described

past passive participle

Derived from root `hṛ` (to carry) with prefixes `sam`, `ud`, and `ā`.

Prefixes: sam+ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `atipraśnaḥ`.

भेत्ता (bhettā) - dispeller (will dispel) (dispeller, splitter, destroyer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhettṛ

bhettṛ - splitter, breaker, dispeller, destroyer

agent noun

Derived from root `bhid` (to break, split) with agent suffix `tṛ`.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Predicate for `aham`.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active indicative

First person singular, present tense, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I (Vasiṣṭha) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Subject of `asmi`.

तु (tu) - however (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अयत्नेन (ayatnena) - effortlessly (effortlessly, without effort)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ayatna

ayatna - absence of effort, ease, facility

Negation of `yatna` (effort).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yatna)

• a – not, un-, in- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• yatna – effort, exertion, attempt
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `yat` (to strive).
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use, indicating manner.

नैशम् (naiśam) - nocturnal (darkness) (nocturnal, pertaining to night)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naiśa

naiśa - nocturnal, relating to night

Derived from `niśā` (night).

Note: Object of `bhettā asmi` (dispelling).

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom; ignorance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom; ignorance, inertia (in Sāṅkhya philosophy)

Note: Object of `bhettā asmi`.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अंशुमान् (aṁśumān) - the sun (aṃśumān) (possessing rays, the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṃśumat

aṁśumat - possessing rays, radiant; the sun

Derived from `aṃśu` (ray) with suffix `mat` (possessing).