योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-10, verse-45

निरस्तास्थो निराशोऽसौ निरीहोऽसौ निरास्पदः ।
न मूढो न च मुक्तोऽसौ तेन तप्यामहे भृशम् ॥ ४५ ॥

nirastāstho nirāśo'sau nirīho'sau nirāspadaḥ ,
na mūḍho na ca mukto'sau tena tapyāmahe bhṛśam 45

45. nirastāsthaḥ nirāśaḥ asau nirīhaḥ asau nirāspadaḥ
na mūḍhaḥ na ca muktaḥ asau tena tapyāmahe bhṛśam

45. He is devoid of attachment (āsthā), without hope, without endeavor, and without support. He is neither deluded nor liberated. Due to this, we are greatly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• निरस्तास्थः (nirastāsthaḥ) - one who has abandoned attachment/reliance

• निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - without hope, without desire

• असौ (asau) - he, that person

• निरीहः (nirīhaḥ) - without effort, without desire, inactive

• असौ (asau) - he, that person

• निरास्पदः (nirāspadaḥ) - without support, without abode, groundless

• न (na) - not

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded, foolish, bewildered

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated, released

• असौ (asau) - he, that person

• तेन (tena) - Therefore (by that, therefore, on account of that)

• तप्यामहे (tapyāmahe) - we are tormented, we suffer

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

Words meanings and morphology

निरस्तास्थः (nirastāsthaḥ) - one who has abandoned attachment/reliance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirastāstha

nirastāstha - one who has cast off reliance/attachment, independent

Compound describing one whose āsthā (attachment) is nirasta (abandoned).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nirasta+āsthā)

• nirasta – thrown away, abandoned, rejected
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root as (to throw) with nir prefix.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: as (class 4)
• āsthā – reliance, trust, regard, attachment, interest, steadfastness
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from ā-sthā root.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: This adjective describes the 'he' (asau) of the previous verse implicitly.

निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - without hope, without desire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśa

nirāśa - without hope, without desire, despondent

Compound: nis (without) + āśā (hope/desire).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āśā)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, desire, expectation
  noun (feminine)
  Root: āśiṣ

असौ (asau) - he, that person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (remote demonstrative pronoun)

निरीहः (nirīhaḥ) - without effort, without desire, inactive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirīha

nirīha - without effort, without desire, inactive, passionless

Compound: nis (without) + īhā (effort/desire).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+īhā)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• īhā – effort, exertion, desire, activity
  noun (feminine)
  Root: īh (class 1)

असौ (asau) - he, that person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (remote demonstrative pronoun)

निरास्पदः (nirāspadaḥ) - without support, without abode, groundless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāspada

nirāspada - without support, without abode, groundless, without refuge

Compound: nis (without) + āspada (abode/support).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āspada)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āspada – abode, seat, support, place
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: pad (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded, foolish, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - deluded, foolish, bewildered, ignorant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muh (to be bewildered, confused).

Root: muh (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated, released

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - liberated, released, freed, delivered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muc (to release, free).

Root: muc (class 6)

असौ (asau) - he, that person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (remote demonstrative pronoun)

तेन (tena) - Therefore (by that, therefore, on account of that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adverbial use.

तप्यामहे (tapyāmahe) - we are tormented, we suffer

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

Present Tense

Form of root tap in Ātmanepada, 1st person plural.

Root: tap (class 1)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

(indeclinable)