योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-10, verse-42

राजानमथवा विप्रमुपदेष्टारमग्रतः ।
हसत्यज्ञमिवाव्यग्रः सोऽवधीरयति प्रभो ॥ ४२ ॥

rājānamathavā vipramupadeṣṭāramagrataḥ ,
hasatyajñamivāvyagraḥ so'vadhīrayati prabho 42

42. rājānam athavā vipram upadeṣṭāram agrataḥ hasati
ajñam iva avyagraḥ saḥ avadhīrayati prabho

42. And that person, unconcerned, laughs at a king or a brahmin or a preceptor right in front of them, as if they were ignorant, and he disregards them, O Lord.

Words meanings summery:

• राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (king)

• अथवा (athavā) - or (or, or else)

• विप्रम् (vipram) - a brahmin (a brahmin, a wise person)

• उपदेष्टारम् (upadeṣṭāram) - a preceptor (preceptor, instructor, teacher)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - right in front of them (in front, before, in the presence of)

• हसति (hasati) - laughs (laughs, smiles)

• अज्ञम् (ajñam) - as if ignorant (ignorant, foolish)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - unconcerned (unconcerned, calm, not agitated)

• सः (saḥ) - that person (the subject of the sentence) (he, that (person))

• अवधीरयति (avadhīrayati) - disregards (disregards, despises, disrespects, disdains)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (O Lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

अथवा (athavā) - or (or, or else)

(indeclinable)

विप्रम् (vipram) - a brahmin (a brahmin, a wise person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - a brahmin, a sage, inspired, learned

उपदेष्टारम् (upadeṣṭāram) - a preceptor (preceptor, instructor, teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upadeṣṭṛ

upadeṣṭṛ - preceptor, instructor, teacher, one who advises

Agent Noun

Derived from root diś with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - right in front of them (in front, before, in the presence of)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to agra

हसति (hasati) - laughs (laughs, smiles)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of has

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: has (class 1)

अज्ञम् (ajñam) - as if ignorant (ignorant, foolish)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, foolish, unknowing

Negative compound of 'jña' (knower)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+jña)

• na – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jña – knowing, wise, a knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adverbial usage with iva.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - unconcerned (unconcerned, calm, not agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyagra

avyagra - unconcerned, not agitated, calm, steady, diligent

Negative compound of 'vyagra' (agitated)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+vyagra)

• na – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyagra – agitated, perplexed, busy, eager
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: vi

सः (saḥ) - that person (the subject of the sentence) (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular

अवधीरयति (avadhīrayati) - disregards (disregards, despises, disrespects, disdains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avadhīr

Present tense, 3rd person singular. Derived from root dhīr with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: dhīr (class 10)

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (O Lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, mighty, powerful, capable

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)