योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-10, verse-16

किमिमा दुःखदायिन्यः प्रस्फुरन्तीः पुराङ्गनाः ।
इति नृत्तविलासेषु कामिनीः परिनिन्दति ॥ १६ ॥

kimimā duḥkhadāyinyaḥ prasphurantīḥ purāṅganāḥ ,
iti nṛttavilāseṣu kāminīḥ parinindati 16

16. kim imāḥ duḥkhadāyinyaḥ prasphurantīḥ purāṅganāḥ
iti nṛttavilāseṣu kāminīḥ parinindati

16. 'Why are these city women, who cause sorrow and move so vividly?' So thinking, he condemns the beautiful women during their dance performances.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - why? (what? why?)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• दुःखदायिन्यः (duḥkhadāyinyaḥ) - who cause sorrow (causing sorrow, distress-giving)

• प्रस्फुरन्तीः (prasphurantīḥ) - moving so vividly (throbbing, moving, shining vividly)

• पुराङ्गनाः (purāṅganāḥ) - city women (city-women, courtesans)

• इति (iti) - so thinking (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

• नृत्तविलासेषु (nṛttavilāseṣu) - during their dance performances (in dance-enjoyments, in dance performances)

• कामिनीः (kāminīḥ) - the beautiful women (beautiful women, beloveds, desirable women)

• परिनिन्दति (parinindati) - he condemns (he blames, he censures, he condemns)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - why? (what? why?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

दुःखदायिन्यः (duḥkhadāyinyaḥ) - who cause sorrow (causing sorrow, distress-giving)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of duḥkhadāyinī

duḥkhadāyin - causing sorrow, giving pain

Agent Noun/Adjective

Derived from duḥkha + √dā (to give) + -in(ṇini)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+dāyin)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
• dāyin – giver, causing, bestowing
  adjective
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From √dā (to give) + -in(ṇini)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Feminine form of duḥkhadāyin

प्रस्फुरन्तीः (prasphurantīḥ) - moving so vividly (throbbing, moving, shining vividly)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prasphurat

prasphurat - throbbing, sparkling, moving vigorously

Present Active Participle

Derived from prefix pra- + √sphur (to throb, quiver, flash)

Prefix: pra

Root: sphur (class 6)

Note: Qualifies purāṅganāḥ

पुराङ्गनाः (purāṅganāḥ) - city women (city-women, courtesans)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of purāṅganā

purāṅganā - city-woman, public woman, courtesan

Compound type : tatpurusha (pura+aṅganā)

• pura – city, town, citadel
  noun (neuter)
• aṅganā – woman, female
  noun (feminine)

Note: Here functions as nominative due to the question 'kim imāḥ...'

इति (iti) - so thinking (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotation marker

नृत्तविलासेषु (nṛttavilāseṣu) - during their dance performances (in dance-enjoyments, in dance performances)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of nṛttavilāsa

nṛttavilāsa - dance-enjoyment, graceful dancing

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛtta+vilāsa)

• nṛtta – dance, dancing
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √nṛt (to dance)
  Root: nṛt (class 4)
• vilāsa – play, sport, grace, charm, amusement
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix vi- + √las (to shine, sport)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: las (class 1)

कामिनीः (kāminīḥ) - the beautiful women (beautiful women, beloveds, desirable women)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kāminī

kāminī - desirable woman, beautiful woman, beloved

Note: Object of parinindati

परिनिन्दति (parinindati) - he condemns (he blames, he censures, he condemns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of parinind

From prefix pari- + √nid (to blame)

Prefix: pari

Root: nid (class 1)