वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-34, verse-24

ते ऽशक्नुवन्तः संप्राप्तं वालिनं राक्षसोत्तमाः ।
तस्य बाहूरुवेगेन परिश्रान्तः पतन्ति च ॥२४॥

24. te'śaknuvantaḥ saṃprāptaṃ vālinaṃ rākṣasottamāḥ ,
tasya bāhūruvegena pariśrāntaḥ patanti ca.

24. te aśaknuvantaḥ samprāptam vālinaṃ rākṣasottamāḥ
tasya bāhūruvegena pariśrāntaḥ patanti ca

24. te rākṣasottamāḥ vālinaṃ samprāptam aśaknuvantaḥ
tasya bāhūruvegena pariśrāntaḥ ca patanti

24. Those chief Rakshasa ministers, being unable to reach (or catch up with) Vālī, fell down, exhausted by the great speed of his arms and thighs.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those

• अशक्नुवन्तः (aśaknuvantaḥ) - being unable, incapable

• सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - (the act of) reaching or catching up with (Vali) (having reached, attained)

• वालिनं (vālinaṁ) - Vali

• राक्षसोत्तमाः (rākṣasottamāḥ) - chief Rakshasas, best of Rakshasas

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Vali's) (his)

• बाहूरुवेगेन (bāhūruvegena) - by the speed of arms and thighs

• परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted (grammatically singular, but semantically refers to the plural 'rākṣasottamāḥ' given the plural verb 'patanti'. Some textual variants read 'pariśrāntāḥ' for grammatical agreement.) (exhausted, weary)

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they drop

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अशक्नुवन्तः (aśaknuvantaḥ) - being unable, incapable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - unable, incapable

Present Active Participle (negative)

From negative prefix a- and root śak (to be able) with participle suffix -śatṛ (vat).

Root: śak (class 5)

सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - (the act of) reaching or catching up with (Vali) (having reached, attained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - reached, attained, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain, reach) with prefixes sam + pra, and participle suffix -kta.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used here idiomatically, meaning 'to reach' or 'to catch up with' in the context of inability.

वालिनं (vālinaṁ) - Vali

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vali (proper noun)

राक्षसोत्तमाः (rākṣasottamāḥ) - chief Rakshasas, best of Rakshasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasottama

rākṣasottama - best/chief of Rakshasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+uttama)

• rākṣasa – Rakshasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, chief
  adjective (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - his (Vali's) (his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बाहूरुवेगेन (bāhūruvegena) - by the speed of arms and thighs

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāhūruvega

bāhūruvega - speed of arms and thighs

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāhu+ūru+vega)

• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• ūru – thigh
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)

परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted (grammatically singular, but semantically refers to the plural 'rākṣasottamāḥ' given the plural verb 'patanti'. Some textual variants read 'pariśrāntāḥ' for grammatical agreement.) (exhausted, weary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - exhausted, weary

Past Passive Participle

From root śram (to be weary) with prefix pari, and participle suffix -kta.

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Grammatically singular, but contextually implies the plural Rakshasas who are falling. This might be a textual anomaly or a stylistic choice.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they drop

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)