वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-34, verse-2

राक्षसं वा मनुष्यं वा शृणुते यं बलाधिकम् ।
रावणस्तं समासाद्य युद्धे ह्वयति दर्पितः ॥२॥

2. rākṣasaṃ vā manuṣyaṃ vā śṛṇute yaṃ balādhikam ,
rāvaṇastaṃ samāsādya yuddhe hvayati darpitaḥ.

2. rākṣasam vā manuṣyam vā śṛṇute yam balādhikam
rāvaṇaḥ tam samāsādya yuddhe hvayati darpitaḥ

2. Whomsoever he hears to be mightier, whether a Rākṣasa or a human, Ravana, arrogant, approaches him and challenges him to battle.

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - a Rākṣasa, demonic

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• मनुष्यम् (manuṣyam) - a human, man

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• शृणुते (śṛṇute) - he hears of (someone) (he hears, he listens)

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• बलाधिकम् (balādhikam) - superior in strength, very strong, mighty

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached, having found

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• ह्वयति (hvayati) - he challenges (to battle) (he challenges, he calls, he invokes)

• दर्पितः (darpitaḥ) - arrogant, proud, swollen with pride

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - a Rākṣasa, demonic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa, demon, demonic, related to Rākṣasas

Note: Refers to the type of being.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

मनुष्यम् (manuṣyam) - a human, man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man, person

Note: Refers to the type of being.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

शृणुते (śṛṇute) - he hears of (someone) (he hears, he listens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śru

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root `śru`, Class 5, middle voice ending `ute`

Root: śru (class 5)

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Object of `śṛṇute`.

बलाधिकम् (balādhikam) - superior in strength, very strong, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of balādhika

balādhika - superior in strength, mighty, having more power

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+adhika)

• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• adhika – more, excessive, superior, greater
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `yam`.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (name of the Rākṣasa king)

Note: Subject of `hvayati`.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `yam balādhikam`.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached, having found

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From `sam-ā-sad` (prefix `sam`, prefix `ā`, root `sad` - to sit, go to), forms absolutive with suffix `-ya` after prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Denotes the location/context of the challenge.

ह्वयति (hvayati) - he challenges (to battle) (he challenges, he calls, he invokes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hvā

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root `hvā`, Class 1, active voice ending `ati`.

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

दर्पितः (darpitaḥ) - arrogant, proud, swollen with pride

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darpita

darpita - arrogant, proud, intoxicated, swollen with pride

Past Passive Participle

From causative of root `dṛp` (to swell, be proud).

Root: dṛp (class 4)