वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-28, verse-42

स तं प्रतिविगाह्याशु प्रवृद्धं सैन्यसागरम् ।
त्रिदशान् समरे निघ्नञ् शक्रमेवाभ्यवर्तत ॥४२॥

42. sa taṃ prativigāhyāśu pravṛddhaṃ sainyasāgaram ,
tridaśān samare nighnañ śakramevābhyavartata.

42. saḥ tam prativigāhya āśu pravṛddham sainyasāgaram
tridaśān samare nighnan śakram eva abhyavartata

42. saḥ āśu tam pravṛddham sainyasāgaram prativigāhya,
samare tridaśān nighnan,
śakram eva abhyavartata

42. He quickly plunged into that vast ocean of an army, and striking down the (tridaśān) gods in battle, he indeed turned to confront Indra himself.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Daśagrīva (he)

• तम् (tam) - that (ocean of an army) (that)

• प्रतिविगाह्य (prativigāhya) - having plunged into, having entered

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• प्रवृद्धम् (pravṛddham) - vast, greatly increased, mighty

• सैन्यसागरम् (sainyasāgaram) - ocean of an army, army-ocean

• त्रिदशान् (tridaśān) - the gods

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking down, killing, slaying

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'Indra' (indeed, only, just)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - approached, turned towards, advanced

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Daśagrīva (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

तम् (tam) - that (ocean of an army) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

प्रतिविगाह्य (prativigāhya) - having plunged into, having entered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: gāh (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

प्रवृद्धम् (pravṛddham) - vast, greatly increased, mighty

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravṛddha

pravṛddha - grown, increased, vast, mighty

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सैन्यसागरम् (sainyasāgaram) - ocean of an army, army-ocean

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sainyasāgara

sainyasāgara - ocean of an army, army like an ocean

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sainya+sāgara)

• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

त्रिदशान् (tridaśān) - the gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tridaśa

tridaśa - god (lit. 'three-ten', referring to the 33 gods)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking down, killing, slaying

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - striking down, killing

Present Active Participle

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (name of the chief of the devas)

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'Indra' (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - approached, turned towards, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of abhyavartata

Imperfect

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)