वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-28, verse-14

ततः प्रव्यथिता लोकाः संजज्ञे च तमो महत् ।
तस्य रावणपुत्रस्य तदा शत्रूनभिघ्नतः ॥१४॥

14. tataḥ pravyathitā lokāḥ saṃjajñe ca tamo mahat ,
tasya rāvaṇaputrasya tadā śatrūnabhighnataḥ.

14. tataḥ pravyathitāḥ lokāḥ saṃjajñe ca tamaḥ mahat
tasya rāvaṇaputrasya tadā śatrūn abhighnataḥ

14. tataḥ lokāḥ pravyathitāḥ ca mahat tamaḥ saṃjajñe
tadā śatrūn abhighnataḥ tasya rāvaṇaputrasya

14. Then, the worlds were greatly distressed, and a profound darkness arose, as Rāvaṇa's son was striking down his enemies at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

• प्रव्यथिताः (pravyathitāḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, terrified, agitated)

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the worlds (people, worlds, regions)

• संजज्ञे (saṁjajñe) - arose (arose, was born, came into being)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom)

• महत् (mahat) - profound (great, large, profound)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (of Rāvaṇa's son) (his, of him, of that)

• रावणपुत्रस्य (rāvaṇaputrasya) - of Rāvaṇa's son

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies (enemies, adversaries)

• अभिघ्नतः (abhighnataḥ) - striking down (striking, killing, smiting)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

प्रव्यथिताः (pravyathitāḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, terrified, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pravyathita

pravyathita - greatly agitated, distressed, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vyath (to tremble, be agitated) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies lokāḥ.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the worlds (people, worlds, regions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, people, region, realm

Note: Subject of the first clause (implied verb 'were').

संजज्ञे (saṁjajñe) - arose (arose, was born, came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of jan

Perfect

Perfect middle third person singular of √jan (4th class) with prefix saṃ-

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject is tamaḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

Note: Subject of saṃjajñe.

महत् (mahat) - profound (great, large, profound)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahant

mahant - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Qualifies tamaḥ.

तस्य (tasya) - his (of Rāvaṇa's son) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇaputrasya. Governs abhighnataḥ.

रावणपुत्रस्य (rāvaṇaputrasya) - of Rāvaṇa's son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇaputra

rāvaṇaputra - son of Rāvaṇa

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāvaṇa+putra)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Indrajit.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies (enemies, adversaries)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, adversary

Note: Object of abhighnataḥ.

अभिघ्नतः (abhighnataḥ) - striking down (striking, killing, smiting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhighnat

abhighnat - striking, killing, attacking

Present Active Participle

Present active participle (nominative singular, declined as masculine) of root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies tasya rāvaṇaputrasya, indicating simultaneous action.