वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-28, verse-23

ततो मेघा रथे तस्मिंस्तडिद्वन्तो महास्वनाः ।
अग्रतो वायुचपला गच्छन्तो व्यनदंस्तदा ॥२३॥

23. tato meghā rathe tasmiṃstaḍidvanto mahāsvanāḥ ,
agrato vāyucapalā gacchanto vyanadaṃstadā.

23. tataḥ meghāḥ rathe tasmin taḍidvantaḥ mahāsvanāḥ
agrataḥ vāyucapalāḥ gacchantaḥ vyanadan tadā

23. tataḥ tadā tasmin rathe taḍidvantaḥ mahāsvanāḥ
vāyucapalāḥ gacchantaḥ meghāḥ agrataḥ vyanadan

23. Then, in that chariot, lightning-streaked and thunderous clouds, swift as the wind, moved ahead and roared loudly.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

• रथे (rathe) - in the chariot, on the chariot

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (chariot) (in that)

• तडिद्वन्तः (taḍidvantaḥ) - streaked with lightning (lightning-bearing, with lightning)

• महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - thunderous, having a mighty roar (loudly roaring, with great sound)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, ahead

• वायुचपलाः (vāyucapalāḥ) - swift as wind, wind-agile

• गच्छन्तः (gacchantaḥ) - going, moving

• व्यनदन् (vyanadan) - roared, thundered

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to 'tad' (that).

मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud, rain-cloud

Derived from root MIH (to sprinkle, urinate).

Root: mih (class 1)

रथे (rathe) - in the chariot, on the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Location where the clouds appeared.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (chariot) (in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

तडिद्वन्तः (taḍidvantaḥ) - streaked with lightning (lightning-bearing, with lightning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of taḍidvat

taḍidvat - possessing lightning, lightning-bearing

Derived from 'taḍit' (lightning) with possessive suffix -vat.

महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - thunderous, having a mighty roar (loudly roaring, with great sound)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - a great sound, a loud roar; loudly roaring

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, ahead

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to 'agra' (front).

वायुचपलाः (vāyucapalāḥ) - swift as wind, wind-agile

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāyucapala

vāyucapala - swift as wind, agile like wind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vāyu+capala)

• vāyu – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• capala – swift, quick, restless, wavering
  adjective (masculine)

गच्छन्तः (gacchantaḥ) - going, moving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root GAM (to go) with the present participle suffix -śatṛ.

Root: gam (class 1)

व्यनदन् (vyanadan) - roared, thundered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyanadat

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ Lakāra)

Derived from root NAD (to roar) with prefix VI- (apart, asunder).

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dā added to 'tad' (that).