वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-114, verse-5

यथा प्रव्रजितो रामो मातुर्दत्ते वरे तव ।
यथा च पुत्रशोकेन राजा दशरथो मृतः ॥५॥

5. yathā pravrajito rāmo māturdatte vare tava ,
yathā ca putraśokena rājā daśaratho mṛtaḥ.

5. yathā pravrajitaḥ rāmaḥ mātuḥ datte vare tava
yathā ca putraśokena rājā daśarathaḥ mṛtaḥ

5. yathā tava mātuḥ datte vare rāmaḥ pravrajitaḥ
ca yathā putraśokena rājā daśarathaḥ mṛtaḥ

5. How Rāma went into exile on account of the boon granted by your mother, and how King Daśaratha died from the grief for his son.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

• प्रव्रजितः (pravrajitaḥ) - went into exile (gone forth, renounced, gone into exile)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - by your mother (genitive of agent) (of the mother, from the mother)

• दत्ते (datte) - granted (given, granted)

• वरे (vare) - in the boon (in the boon, in the choice)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

• च (ca) - and

• पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - from grief for his son (by grief for a son, by son-grief)

• राजा (rājā) - King

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - died (dead, died)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from yad (which).

प्रव्रजितः (pravrajitaḥ) - went into exile (gone forth, renounced, gone into exile)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravrajita

pravrajita - gone forth, gone into exile, renounced, ascetic

Past Passive Participle (used actively)

From pra (prefix) + root vraj (to go) + kta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Used actively here.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name), pleasing, dark-colored

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of pravrajitaḥ (implied verb abhūt).

मातुः (mātuḥ) - by your mother (genitive of agent) (of the mother, from the mother)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Genitive singular (or ablative singular).

Note: Used as agent with the passive participle datte.

दत्ते (datte) - granted (given, granted)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, put

Past Passive Participle

From root dā (to give) + kta suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

वरे (vare) - in the boon (in the boon, in the choice)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, choice, best

From root vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Denotes the condition/reason.

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

Note: Possessive for mātuḥ.

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from yad (which).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two yathā clauses.

पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - from grief for his son (by grief for a son, by son-grief)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - grief for a son

Compound of putra (son) and śoka (grief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: put
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - King

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Nominative singular of rājan (n-stem).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of mṛtaḥ (implied verb abhūt).

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (name of Rāma's father), having ten chariots

Compound of daśa (ten) + ratha (chariot).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+ratha)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - died (dead, died)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, died, deceased

Past Passive Participle (used actively)

From root mṛ (to die) + kta suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Used as predicate with implied verb "to be".