महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-63, verse-6

बाहू धरण्यां निष्पिष्य मुहुर्मत्त इव द्विपः ।
प्रकीर्णान्मूर्धजान्धुन्वन्दन्तैर्दन्तानुपस्पृशन् ।
गर्हयन्पाण्डवं ज्येष्ठं निःश्वस्येदमथाब्रवीत् ॥६॥

6. bāhū dharaṇyāṁ niṣpiṣya muhurmatta iva dvipaḥ ,
prakīrṇānmūrdhajāndhunvandantairdantānupaspṛśan ,
garhayanpāṇḍavaṁ jyeṣṭhaṁ niḥśvasyedamathābravīt.

6. bāhū dharaṇyām niṣpiṣya muhuḥ mattaḥ
iva dvipaḥ prakīrṇān mūrdhajān dhunvan
dantaiḥ dantān upaspṛśan garhayan pāṇḍavam
jyeṣṭham niḥśvasya idam atha abravīt

6. dvipaḥ iva mattaḥ (san) muhuḥ dharaṇyām bāhū niṣpiṣya,
prakīrṇān mūrdhajān dhunvan,
dantaiḥ dantān upaspṛśan,
jyeṣṭham pāṇḍavam garhayan,
atha niḥśvasya idam abravīt

6. Pressing his two arms repeatedly on the earth like an enraged elephant, shaking his disheveled hair, and grinding his teeth, he censured the eldest Pāṇḍava; then, sighing, he spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

• धरण्याम् (dharaṇyām) - on the earth, ground

• निष्पिष्य (niṣpiṣya) - having crushed, having pressed, having trampled

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - enraged (intoxicated, enraged, furious)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant (literally 'drinking twice')

• प्रकीर्णान् (prakīrṇān) - disheveled (hair) (scattered, disheveled, spread out)

• मूर्धजान् (mūrdhajān) - hairs of the head

• धुन्वन् (dhunvan) - shaking (his hair) (shaking, tossing, waving)

• दन्तैः (dantaiḥ) - with teeth

• दन्तान् (dantān) - teeth

• उपस्पृशन् (upaspṛśan) - grinding (his teeth) (touching, grinding (teeth))

• गर्हयन् (garhayan) - censuring, blaming, condemning

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava)

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (the eldest, most excellent)

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

• इदम् (idam) - this, these (words)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Duryodhana spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm, fore-arm

धरण्याम् (dharaṇyām) - on the earth, ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dharaṇī

dharaṇī - earth, ground, land

निष्पिष्य (niṣpiṣya) - having crushed, having pressed, having trampled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root piṣ (to crush) with prefix nis + lyap suffix

Prefix: nis

Root: piṣ (class 7)

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - enraged (intoxicated, enraged, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, frenzied, furious, maddened

Past Passive Participle

derived from root mad (to be mad, intoxicated) + kta suffix

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with dvipaḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant (literally 'drinking twice')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (from dvi 'twice' + pā 'to drink', referring to drinking with trunk and mouth)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• pa – drinker
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

प्रकीर्णान् (prakīrṇān) - disheveled (hair) (scattered, disheveled, spread out)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prakīrṇa

prakīrṇa - scattered, disheveled, spread out

Past Passive Participle

derived from root kṛ (to scatter) with prefix pra + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with mūrdhajān.

मूर्धजान् (mūrdhajān) - hairs of the head

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mūrdhaja

mūrdhaja - hair (literally 'born from the head')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mūrdhan+ja)

• mūrdhan – head, top
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

धुन्वन् (dhunvan) - shaking (his hair) (shaking, tossing, waving)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhunvat

dhunvat - shaking, agitating, tossing

Present Active Participle

derived from root dhū (to shake) + śatṛ suffix

Root: dhū (class 5)

दन्तैः (dantaiḥ) - with teeth

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of danta

danta - tooth, tusk

दन्तान् (dantān) - teeth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of danta

danta - tooth, tusk

उपस्पृशन् (upaspṛśan) - grinding (his teeth) (touching, grinding (teeth))

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaspṛśat

upaspṛśat - touching, coming into contact with

Present Active Participle

derived from root spṛś (to touch) with prefix upa + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

गर्हयन् (garhayan) - censuring, blaming, condemning

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garhayat

garhayat - censuring, blaming

Present Active Participle (causative)

derived from root garh (to blame) in causative form garhaya + śatṛ suffix

Root: garh (class 1)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (the eldest, most excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, greatest, most excellent, chief

Superlative

Superlative degree of vṛddha/taruṇa (old/young)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavam.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root śvas (to breathe) with prefix nis + lyap suffix

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this, these (words)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, these

Note: Refers to the speech that follows.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Duryodhana spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

third person singular, imperfect tense, active voice, from root brū

Root: brū (class 2)