महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-63, verse-17

अभिज्ञौ क्षत्रधर्मस्य मम माता पिता च मे ।
तौ हि संजय दुःखार्तौ विज्ञाप्यौ वचनान्मम ॥१७॥

17. abhijñau kṣatradharmasya mama mātā pitā ca me ,
tau hi saṁjaya duḥkhārtau vijñāpyau vacanānmama.

17. abhijñau kṣatradharmasya mama mātā pitā ca me
tau hi saṃjaya duḥkhārtau vijñāpyau vacanāt mama

17. mama mātā ca me pitā kṣatradharmasya abhijñau hi
tau duḥkhārtau saṃjaya mama vacanāt vijñāpyau

17. My mother and my father are indeed knowledgeable about the constitutional principles (dharma) of the warrior class. Therefore, O Sanjaya, those two, distressed by sorrow, must be informed of my words.

Words meanings summery:

• अभिज्ञौ (abhijñau) - knowledgeable, familiar with (dual)

• क्षत्रधर्मस्य (kṣatradharmasya) - of the constitutional principles (dharma) of a warrior, of a warrior's duty

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• माता (mātā) - mother

• पिता (pitā) - father

• च (ca) - and, also

• मे (me) - my, of me, to me

• तौ (tau) - those two, they two

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

• दुःखार्तौ (duḥkhārtau) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain (dual)

• विज्ञाप्यौ (vijñāpyau) - to be informed, to be made known (dual)

• वचनात् (vacanāt) - from the word, by the statement, by my words

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

अभिज्ञौ (abhijñau) - knowledgeable, familiar with (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of abhijña

abhijña - knowledgeable, aware, familiar with

From root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'mātā pitā' (mother and father).

क्षत्रधर्मस्य (kṣatradharmasya) - of the constitutional principles (dharma) of a warrior, of a warrior's duty

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the constitutional principles (dharma) of the warrior class, warrior's duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, power
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – constitutional principle, natural law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to support, hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, of me, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

तौ (tau) - those two, they two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - he, she, it, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to mother and father.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

दुःखार्तौ (duḥkhārtau) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛ' (to go, move, suffer) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

विज्ञाप्यौ (vijñāpyau) - to be informed, to be made known (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vijñāpya

vijñāpya - to be informed, to be made known, to be announced

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From causal of root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi', formed with suffix '-ṇyat'.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

वचनात् (vacanāt) - from the word, by the statement, by my words

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement

From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)