महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-63, verse-43

तदाख्याय ततः सर्वे द्रोणपुत्रस्य भारत ।
ध्यात्वा च सुचिरं कालं जग्मुरार्ता यथागतम् ॥४३॥

43. tadākhyāya tataḥ sarve droṇaputrasya bhārata ,
dhyātvā ca suciraṁ kālaṁ jagmurārtā yathāgatam.

43. tat ākhyāya tataḥ sarve droṇa-putrasya bhārata
dhyātvā ca su-ciraṃ kālam jagmuḥ ārtā yathā-gatam

43. bhārata tataḥ sarve ārtā droṇa-putrasya tat ākhyāya
ca su-ciraṃ kālam dhyātvā yathā-gatam jagmuḥ

43. O descendant of Bharata, having reported that to the son of Droṇa, all of them, distressed, then reflected (dhyāna) for a very long time, and departed the way they had arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - the events, the report mentioned in the previous verse (that)

• आख्याय (ākhyāya) - having narrated, having told, having reported

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• द्रोण-पुत्रस्य (droṇa-putrasya) - of Droṇa's son, to Droṇa's son

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

• ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having reflected

• च (ca) - and, also

• सु-चिरं (su-ciraṁ) - for a very long (time)

• कालम् (kālam) - time

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

• आर्ता (ārtā) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• यथा-गतम् (yathā-gatam) - as they had come, by the way they came

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - the events, the report mentioned in the previous verse (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आख्याय (ākhyāya) - having narrated, having told, having reported

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

Derived from root khyā (to tell) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

द्रोण-पुत्रस्य (droṇa-putrasya) - of Droṇa's son, to Droṇa's son

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa-putra

droṇa-putra - son of Droṇa

Compound proper noun

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here to indicate recipient, functionally similar to dative.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

Derived from Bharata

ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having reflected

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dhyai (to meditate, reflect) with suffix -tvā

Root: dhyai (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सु-चिरं (su-ciraṁ) - for a very long (time)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of su-cira

su-cira - very long, for a very long time

Compound adjective with prefix 'su'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+cira)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• cira – long, lasting (of time)
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'kālam'

कालम् (kālam) - time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect (Liṭ) Active, 3rd Person Plural

Root: gam (class 1)

आर्ता (ārtā) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ (to go, to move) with prefix ā, or from root ṛcch (to go, to suffer)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'

यथा-गतम् (yathā-gatam) - as they had come, by the way they came

(indeclinable)

Compound adverbial

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+gata)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)