महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-63, verse-30

वातिकांश्चाब्रवीद्राजा पुत्रस्ते सत्यविक्रमः ।
अधर्माद्भीमसेनेन निहतोऽहं यथा रणे ॥३०॥

30. vātikāṁścābravīdrājā putraste satyavikramaḥ ,
adharmādbhīmasenena nihato'haṁ yathā raṇe.

30. vātikān ca abravīt rājā putraḥ te satyavikramaḥ
adharmāt bhīmasenena nihataḥ aham yathā raṇe

30. te satyavikramaḥ rājā putraḥ vātikān ca abravīt:
"yathā aham adharmāt bhīmasenena raṇe nihataḥ"

30. Your son, the king of true valor, spoke to the Vātikas and others, saying, "I was slain in battle by Bhīmasena through unrighteousness (adharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• वातिकान् (vātikān) - the Vātikas (plural), people of Vātika, messengers

• च (ca) - and

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana (king)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (your) son (son)

• ते (te) - your, of you

• सत्यविक्रमः (satyavikramaḥ) - of true valor, whose prowess is true

• अधर्मात् (adharmāt) - by means of unrighteous/unfair conduct (referring to Bhīmasena's action) (from unrighteousness, due to unrighteousness, by means of unrighteousness)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

• अहम् (aham) - The king (Duryodhana) (I)

• यथा (yathā) - introducing the reported speech, "saying that how..." (as, just as, how, that)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

वातिकान् (vātikān) - the Vātikas (plural), people of Vātika, messengers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vātika

vātika - a type of messenger, a name

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (past tense)

From root 'brū', imperfect 3rd person singular, active voice. The 'a-' prefix indicates imperfect tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (your) son (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Appositive to 'rājā'.

ते (te) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic form of 2nd person pronoun, genitive singular.

सत्यविक्रमः (satyavikramaḥ) - of true valor, whose prowess is true

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavikrama

satyavikrama - of true valor, whose prowess is true, truly brave

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vikrama)

• satya – truth, true
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, courage, step
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi-kram' (to step forth, be powerful)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'putraḥ'.

अधर्मात् (adharmāt) - by means of unrighteous/unfair conduct (referring to Bhīmasena's action) (from unrighteousness, due to unrighteousness, by means of unrighteousness)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, evil, violation of natural law (dharma)

negation of dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause or manner of death.

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Name of the second Pāṇḍava brother

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'nihataḥ'.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, slain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' with upasarga 'ni' and suffix '-ta'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - The king (Duryodhana) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the clause "I was killed".

यथा (yathā) - introducing the reported speech, "saying that how..." (as, just as, how, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the content of the king's speech.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.