महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-43

ततोऽपश्यं महाराज द्वंद्वयुद्धानि भारत ।
यथाप्राग्र्यं यथाज्येष्ठं मध्याह्ने वै सुदारुणे ।
वर्मणां तत्र राजेन्द्र व्यदृश्यन्तोज्ज्वलाः प्रभाः ॥४३॥

43. tato'paśyaṁ mahārāja dvaṁdvayuddhāni bhārata ,
yathāprāgryaṁ yathājyeṣṭhaṁ madhyāhne vai sudāruṇe ,
varmaṇāṁ tatra rājendra vyadṛśyantojjvalāḥ prabhāḥ.

43. tataḥ apaśyam mahārāja dvandvayuddhāni
bhārata yathāprāgryam yathājyeṣṭham
madhyāhne vai sudāruṇe varmaṇām tatra
rājendra vyadṛśyanta ujjvalāḥ prabhāḥ

43. mahārāja bhārata rājendra tataḥ madhyāhne
vai sudāruṇe yathāprāgryam
yathājyeṣṭham dvandvayuddhāni apaśyam tatra
varmaṇām ujjvalāḥ prabhāḥ vyadṛśyanta

43. O great king (mahārāja), O Bhārata, then I witnessed many duels (dvandvayuddhāni) fought according to precedence and seniority, particularly during that exceptionally fierce midday. O best of kings (rājendra), the brilliant gleams of the armors were clearly visible there.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• द्वन्द्वयुद्धानि (dvandvayuddhāni) - duels, single combats

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• यथाप्राग्र्यम् (yathāprāgryam) - according to precedence, according to excellence

• यथाज्येष्ठम् (yathājyeṣṭham) - according to seniority, according to age

• मध्याह्ने (madhyāhne) - at noon, in the middle of the day

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very fierce, extremely terrible

• वर्मणाम् (varmaṇām) - of the armors, of the coats of mail

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings

• व्यदृश्यन्त (vyadṛśyanta) - were seen, became visible

• उज्ज्वलाः (ujjvalāḥ) - brilliant, shining, bright

• प्रभाः (prabhāḥ) - splendors, gleams, rays, lights

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect, First Person, Singular

Root dṛś takes the form paś in present/imperfect stem. A-augment for imperfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

द्वन्द्वयुद्धानि (dvandvayuddhāni) - duels, single combats

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dvandvayuddha

dvandvayuddha - duel, single combat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvandva+yuddha)

• dvandva – pair, couple, opposition, conflict
  noun (neuter)
• yuddha – fight, battle, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata

यथाप्राग्र्यम् (yathāprāgryam) - according to precedence, according to excellence

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+prāgrya)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• prāgrya – foremost, chief, excellent
  adjective (neuter)

यथाज्येष्ठम् (yathājyeṣṭham) - according to seniority, according to age

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+jyeṣṭha)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• jyeṣṭha – eldest, senior, chief, best
  adjective (neuter)

मध्याह्ने (madhyāhne) - at noon, in the middle of the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of madhyāhna

madhyāhna - midday, noon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhya+ahana)

• madhya – middle, central
  adjective (neuter)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

(indeclinable)

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very fierce, extremely terrible

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very cruel, very terrible, very fierce

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  prefix
• dāruṇa – terrible, cruel, harsh, fierce
  adjective (neuter)

वर्मणाम् (varmaṇām) - of the armors, of the coats of mail

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of varman

varman - armor, coat of mail, protection

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - best of kings, chief of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, lord (often as suffix)
  noun (masculine)

व्यदृश्यन्त (vyadṛśyanta) - were seen, became visible

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect, Third Person, Plural, Passive Voice

Root dṛś, with prefixes vi-a-, passive construction. A-augment for imperfect.

Prefixes: vi+a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उज्ज्वलाः (ujjvalāḥ) - brilliant, shining, bright

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ujjvala

ujjvala - shining, bright, brilliant, splendid

Prefix: ut

Root: jval (class 1)

प्रभाः (prabhāḥ) - splendors, gleams, rays, lights

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prabhā

prabhā - splendor, light, gleam, radiance

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)