महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-30

धृष्टद्युम्नोऽपि समरे प्रगृह्य परमायुधम् ।
राजानं योधयामास पश्यतां सर्वधन्विनाम् ॥३०॥

30. dhṛṣṭadyumno'pi samare pragṛhya paramāyudham ,
rājānaṁ yodhayāmāsa paśyatāṁ sarvadhanvinām.

30. dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ api samare pragṛhya paramāyudham
rājānam yodhayām āsa paśyatām sarvadhanvinām

30. api dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ samare paramāyudham pragṛhya
sarvadhanvinām paśyatām rājānam yodhayām āsa

30. Dṛṣṭadyumna also, having taken up a supreme weapon in battle, fought the king (Duryodhana), while all the archers watched.

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada, commander of the Pandava army. (Dṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

• परमायुधम् (paramāyudham) - a supreme weapon, an excellent weapon

• राजानम् (rājānam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (the king)

• योधयाम् (yodhayām) - made to fight (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आस (āsa) - he was (auxiliary verb)

• पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - Refers to the observers, i.e., other archers. (of those seeing, of those observing)

• सर्वधन्विनाम् (sarvadhanvinām) - of all archers, of all bowmen

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada, commander of the Pandava army. (Dṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dṛṣṭadyumna (proper name, lit. 'bold splendor')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious, brave
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhṛṣ (to be bold)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – splendor, glory, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

From √grah (class 9), with prefix pra-, and the absolutive suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

परमायुधम् (paramāyudham) - a supreme weapon, an excellent weapon

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramāyudha

paramāyudha - supreme weapon, excellent weapon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+āyudha)

• parama – supreme, highest, best
  adjective
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the gerund 'pragṛhya'.

राजानम् (rājānam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Object of the verb 'yodhayām āsa'.

योधयाम् (yodhayām) - made to fight (part of periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

causative of yudh

Causative stem

Causative stem of √yudh (class 4), forms 'yodhaya'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: This is the 'ām' suffix applied to the causative stem to form the periphrastic perfect. It's often treated as an indeclinable part of the perfect formation.

आस (āsa) - he was (auxiliary verb)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of as

Perfect tense, 3rd singular, active voice (auxiliary)

From √as (class 2), perfect 3rd singular.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect.

पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - Refers to the observers, i.e., other archers. (of those seeing, of those observing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

From √dṛś (to see), using 'paśya' stem, with present participle suffix -at.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सर्वधन्विनाम् (sarvadhanvinām) - of all archers, of all bowmen

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadhanvin

sarvadhanvin - all archers, all bowmen

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dhanvin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• dhanvin – archer, bowman
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'dhanus' (bow)