महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-11

तदपास्य धनुश्छिन्नं माद्रीपुत्रः प्रतापवान् ।
अभ्यधावत राजानं प्रगृह्यान्यन्महद्धनुः ।
ततो दुर्योधनं संख्ये विव्याध दशभिः शरैः ॥११॥

11. tadapāsya dhanuśchinnaṁ mādrīputraḥ pratāpavān ,
abhyadhāvata rājānaṁ pragṛhyānyanmahaddhanuḥ ,
tato duryodhanaṁ saṁkhye vivyādha daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ.

11. tat apāsya dhanuḥ chinnam mādrīputraḥ
pratāpavān abhyadhāvata rājānam pragṛhya
anyat mahat dhanuḥ tataḥ duryodhanaṃ
saṃkhye vivyādha daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ

11. mādrīputraḥ pratāpavān chinnam tat
dhanuḥ apāsya anyat mahat dhanuḥ pragṛhya
rājānam abhyadhāvata tataḥ saṃkhye
duryodhanaṃ daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ vivyādha

11. Having cast aside his broken bow, the mighty son of Mādrī (Sahadeva) ran towards the king (Duryodhana), taking up another great bow. Then, in battle, he pierced Duryodhana with ten arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (broken bow) (that, therefore, so, then)

• अपास्य (apāsya) - having cast aside (having thrown away, having cast aside, having abandoned)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc)

• छिन्नम् (chinnam) - broken (cut, broken, separated, divided)

• माद्रीपुत्रः (mādrīputraḥ) - son of Mādrī (Sahadeva) (son of Mādrī)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, valiant (mighty, powerful, valiant, glorious)

• अभ्यधावत (abhyadhāvata) - ran towards (ran towards, attacked)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, ruler)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - taking up (having seized, having taken, having grasped)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another (another, other, different)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, big, mighty)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, after that)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (broken bow) (that, therefore, so, then)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the previously mentioned broken bow.

अपास्य (apāsya) - having cast aside (having thrown away, having cast aside, having abandoned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'as' with prefix 'apa', suffix '-ya'

Prefix: apa

Root: as (class 4)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, a measure of distance

Note: Object of 'apāsya'.

छिन्नम् (chinnam) - broken (cut, broken, separated, divided)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, broken, pierced, separated, divided

Past Passive Participle

From root 'chid' (to cut, to break)

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuḥ'.

माद्रीपुत्रः (mādrīputraḥ) - son of Mādrī (Sahadeva) (son of Mādrī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Mādrī (referring to Nakula or Sahadeva)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Mādrī (mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, valiant (mighty, powerful, valiant, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious, splendid, valiant

Possessive suffix '-vat'

Note: Qualifies 'mādrīputraḥ'.

अभ्यधावत (abhyadhāvata) - ran towards (ran towards, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyadhāv

Imperfect

From root 'dhāv' with prefixes 'abhi' + 'ā'. Third person singular, middle voice.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Object of 'abhyadhāvata'.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - taking up (having seized, having taken, having grasped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'grah' with prefix 'pra', suffix '-ya'

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

अन्यत् (anyat) - another (another, other, different)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - another, other, different, distinct

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, big, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty, noble

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, a measure of distance

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, after that)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' + suffix '-tas'

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest of the Kauravas)

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃkhyā

saṁkhyā - number, enumeration, calculation, battle, war

Root: khyā

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyādh

Perfect

From root 'vyadh' (to pierce). Third person singular, active voice. Reduplicated form.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, dart

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Means of action for 'vivyādha'.