महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-16

धार्तराष्ट्रास्तु राजेन्द्र यात्वा तु स्वल्पमन्तरम् ।
अपश्यमाना राजानं पर्यवर्तन्त दंशिताः ॥१६॥

16. dhārtarāṣṭrāstu rājendra yātvā tu svalpamantaram ,
apaśyamānā rājānaṁ paryavartanta daṁśitāḥ.

16. dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ tu rājendra yātvā tu svalpam
antaram apaśyamānāḥ rājānam paryavartanta daṃśitāḥ

16. rājendra dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ tu svalpam antaram yātvā
tu rājānam apaśyamānāḥ daṃśitāḥ paryavartanta

16. But, O best of kings, the sons of Dhritarashtra, having advanced only a short distance, turned back fully armored when they could not see the king.

Words meanings summery:

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O best of kings

• यात्वा (yātvā) - having gone, after going

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - a small (distance), a little

• अन्तरम् (antaram) - distance, interval, space

• अपश्यमानाः (apaśyamānāḥ) - not seeing, unable to see, failing to perceive

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king, the ruler

• पर्यवर्तन्त (paryavartanta) - they turned back, they revolved, they returned

• दंशिताः (daṁśitāḥ) - armored, equipped with mail

Words meanings and morphology

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - belonging to Dhritarashtra, descendant of Dhritarashtra

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating contrast or emphasis.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, emperor, best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best (often suffix)
  noun (masculine)

यात्वा (yātvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating contrast or emphasis.

स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - a small (distance), a little

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svalpa

svalpa - very small, little, a short while

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+alpa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Modifies antaram.

अन्तरम् (antaram) - distance, interval, space

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antara

antara - interval, distance, difference, interior

Note: Object of yātvā.

अपश्यमानाः (apaśyamānāḥ) - not seeing, unable to see, failing to perceive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apaśyamāna

apaśyamāna - not seeing, unseeing

Present Middle Participle (negated)

Negation 'a' + paśyamāna (from paśya stem of dṛś in present tense + māna suffix for middle participle)

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ.

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king, the ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Object of apaśyamānāḥ.

पर्यवर्तन्त (paryavartanta) - they turned back, they revolved, they returned

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pari-vṛt

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

दंशिताः (daṁśitāḥ) - armored, equipped with mail

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of daṃśita

daṁśita - armed, armored, furnished with mail (from daṃś 'to bite', referring to protective gear)

Past Passive Participle

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ.