महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-14

समन्तात्कीर्यमाणस्तु बाणसंघैर्महात्मभिः ।
न चचाल महाराज सर्वसैन्यस्य पश्यतः ॥१४॥

14. samantātkīryamāṇastu bāṇasaṁghairmahātmabhiḥ ,
na cacāla mahārāja sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ.

14. samantāt kīryamāṇaḥ tu bāṇasaṅghaiḥ mahātmabhiḥ
na cacāla mahārāja sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ

14. mahārāja,
tu samantāt mahātmabhiḥ bāṇasaṅghaiḥ kīryamāṇaḥ (saḥ) sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ na cacāla

14. But being covered from all sides by multitudes of arrows from the great-souled ones, he (Duryodhana) did not stir, O great king, while the entire army watched.

Words meanings summery:

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

• कीर्यमाणः (kīryamāṇaḥ) - being covered (being scattered, being spread, being covered)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• बाणसङ्घैः (bāṇasaṅghaiḥ) - by multitudes of arrows (by multitudes of arrows, by masses of arrows)

• महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by the great-souled ones (referring to the Pandavas and their allies) (by great souls, by noble persons)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• चचाल (cacāla) - did not stir (moved, stirred, trembled)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

• सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (seeing, looking, watching)

Words meanings and morphology

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

(indeclinable)

From 'samanta' (all-round) + suffix '-tāt'

Note: Adverb modifying 'kīryamāṇaḥ'.

कीर्यमाणः (kīryamāṇaḥ) - being covered (being scattered, being spread, being covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīryamāṇa

kīryamāṇa - being scattered, being spread, being thrown, being covered

Present Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to scatter) with passive stem and suffix '-māna'.

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana (implied).

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle

बाणसङ्घैः (bāṇasaṅghaiḥ) - by multitudes of arrows (by multitudes of arrows, by masses of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇasaṅgha

bāṇasaṅgha - multitude of arrows, mass of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+saṅgha)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• saṅgha – multitude, collection, heap, host
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'kīryamāṇaḥ'.

महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by the great-souled ones (referring to the Pandavas and their allies) (by great souls, by noble persons)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, (maha + ātman)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the implicit agents (the warriors using the arrows). It's instrumental case, matching 'bāṇasaṅghaiḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

चचाल (cacāla) - did not stir (moved, stirred, trembled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of cal

Perfect

From root 'cal' (to move). Third person singular, active voice. Reduplicated form.

Root: cal (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor (vocative form)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - entire army, all soldiers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, entire
  adjective
• sainya – army, host of soldiers, pertaining to an army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Governed by 'paśyataḥ'.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (seeing, looking, watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, watching, observer

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see) which uses 'paśya' stem in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses simultaneous action: "while the entire army was watching."