महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-18

समासाद्य रणे ते तु राजानमपराजितम् ।
प्रत्युद्ययुर्महेष्वासाः पाण्डवानाततायिनः ॥१८॥

18. samāsādya raṇe te tu rājānamaparājitam ,
pratyudyayurmaheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavānātatāyinaḥ.

18. samāsādya raṇe te tu rājānam aparājitam
pratyudyayuḥ maheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ ātatāyinaḥ

18. tu te pāṇḍavāḥ maheṣvāsāḥ rājānam aparājitam
raṇe samāsādya ātatāyinaḥ pratyudyayuḥ

18. But the Pandavas, great archers (maheṣvāsāḥ), having encountered their unconquered king in battle, then advanced as aggressors (ātatāyinaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having met, having found

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the conflict

• ते (te) - they, those (pronoun)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king, the ruler

• अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered, undefeated, invincible

• प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced against, they went forth to meet

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, mighty bowmen

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

• आततायिनः (ātatāyinaḥ) - aggressors, assailants, attackers

Words meanings and morphology

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having met, having found

(indeclinable)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, combat

ते (te) - they, those (pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the Pandavas.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating contrast or emphasis.

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king, the ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Object of samāsādya.

अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered, undefeated, invincible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparājita

aparājita - unconquered, undefeated, invincible

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Prefix: a

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājānam.

प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced against, they went forth to meet

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of prati-ud-yā

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, mighty bowmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - a great archer, mighty bowman

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – archer, bowman (literally 'arrow-shooter')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavāḥ.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu

Note: Subject of pratyudyayuḥ.

आततायिनः (ātatāyinaḥ) - aggressors, assailants, attackers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ātatāyin

ātatāyin - an aggressor, one who attacks, assailant (traditionally one of six types of aggressors: setting fire, poisoning, weapon-wielding, stealing wealth, seizing land, abducting wife)

Agent noun

From ātatā 'a drawn bow' or 'aggression'.

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavāḥ.