महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
पुत्रस्तु ते महाराज रथस्थो रथिनां वरः ।
दुरुत्सहो बभौ युद्धे यथा रुद्रः प्रतापवान् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
putrastu te mahārāja rathastho rathināṁ varaḥ ,
durutsaho babhau yuddhe yathā rudraḥ pratāpavān.

1. saṃjaya uvāca putraḥ tu te mahārāja rathasthaḥ rathinām
varaḥ durutṣahaḥ babhau yuddhe yathā rudraḥ pratāpavān

1. saṃjaya uvāca mahārāja te putraḥ tu rathinām varaḥ
rathasthaḥ durutṣahaḥ yathā pratāpavān rudraḥ yuddhe babhau

1. Saṃjaya said: 'O great king, your son, the best of charioteers, standing on his chariot, shone irresistibly in battle, just like the mighty Rudra.'

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ते (te) - your (O Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

• दुरुत्षहः (durutṣahaḥ) - irresistible, difficult to overcome

• बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared, became beautiful

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra (a Vedic deity, often associated with Shiva)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, glorious, valorous, resplendent

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (the charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

Root vac (2nd class), 3rd person singular, Perfect (liṭ), active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (O Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - chariot-borne, standing on a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective
  Agent noun/Adjective from root sthā
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon, bridegroom

दुरुत्षहः (durutṣahaḥ) - irresistible, difficult to overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durutṣaha

durutṣaha - irresistible, difficult to be borne or overcome

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+utsaha)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• utsaha – enduring, bearing, effort, perseverance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sah (class 1)

बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared, became beautiful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhā

Perfect

Root bhā (2nd class), 3rd person singular, Perfect (liṭ), active voice

Root: bhā (class 2)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra (a Vedic deity, often associated with Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a fierce, howling deity), Shiva

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, glorious, valorous, resplendent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, glorious, powerful, resplendent

Nominative singular masculine form of pratāpavat (possessive suffix -vat)