महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-21, verse-17

तेषामापततां घोरस्तुमुलः समजायत ।
क्षुब्धस्य हि समुद्रस्य प्रावृट्काले यथा निशि ॥१७॥

17. teṣāmāpatatāṁ ghorastumulaḥ samajāyata ,
kṣubdhasya hi samudrasya prāvṛṭkāle yathā niśi.

17. teṣām āpatatām ghoraḥ tumulaḥ samajāyata
kṣubdhasya hi samudrasya prāvṛṭkāle yathā niśi

17. teṣām āpatatām ghoraḥ tumulaḥ samajāyata hi
yathā prāvṛṭkāle niśi kṣubdhasya samudrasya

17. A dreadful and tumultuous uproar arose among those advancing, just as it does from an agitated ocean at night during the monsoon season.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

• आपतताम् (āpatatām) - of those approaching, of those falling upon

• घोरः (ghoraḥ) - dreadful, terrible, awful

• तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - great uproar, tumultuous sound, commotion

• समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, came into being, was produced

• क्षुब्धस्य (kṣubdhasya) - of the agitated, of the disturbed

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean, of the sea

• प्रावृट्काले (prāvṛṭkāle) - in the rainy season, during the monsoon

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the Dhritarashtras/Kauravas from the previous verse.

आपतताम् (āpatatām) - of those approaching, of those falling upon

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon, rushing on

Present Active Participle

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with teṣām.

घोरः (ghoraḥ) - dreadful, terrible, awful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, awful, formidable

Note: Agrees with tumulaḥ.

तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - great uproar, tumultuous sound, commotion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy; a great noise, uproar, commotion

Note: Subject of samajāyata.

समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, came into being, was produced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of sam-jan

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

क्षुब्धस्य (kṣubdhasya) - of the agitated, of the disturbed

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣubdha

kṣubdha - agitated, disturbed, stirred up, troubled

Past Passive Participle

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with samudrasya.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle, often used for emphasis or to introduce a cause.

समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean, of the sea

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

प्रावृट्काले (prāvṛṭkāle) - in the rainy season, during the monsoon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāvṛṭkāla

prāvṛṭkāla - rainy season, monsoon period

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāvṛṣ+kāla)

• prāvṛṣ – rainy season, monsoon
  noun (feminine)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative adverb, introducing a comparison.

निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night