महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-7, verse-42

ततः प्रववृते युद्धं नरवारणवाजिनाम् ।
रथिनां च महाराज अन्योन्यं निघ्नतां दृढम् ॥४२॥

42. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ naravāraṇavājinām ,
rathināṁ ca mahārāja anyonyaṁ nighnatāṁ dṛḍham.

42. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham nara-vāraṇa-vājinām
rathinām ca mahārāja anyonyam nighnatām dṛḍham

42. mahārāja tataḥ nara-vāraṇa-vājinām rathinām ca
anyonyam dṛḍham nighnatām yuddham pravavṛte

42. Then, O great king, a fierce battle began among men, elephants, horses, and charioteers, as they strongly struck one another.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, thence

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, commenced, arose

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• नर-वारण-वाजिनाम् (nara-vāraṇa-vājinām) - of men, elephants, and horses

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• च (ca) - and

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - mutually, each other

• निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those striking, slaying

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - strongly, fiercely (firmly, strongly, fiercely, intensely)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, thence

(indeclinable)

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, commenced, arose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of pra-vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past passive participle of root yudh, used as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

नर-वारण-वाजिनाम् (nara-vāraṇa-vājinām) - of men, elephants, and horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nara-vāraṇa-vājin

nara-vāraṇa-vājin - men, elephants, and horses (collectively)

Compound type : Dvandva (nara+vāraṇa+vājin)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vāraṇa – elephant, repelling
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse, swift, strong
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'vāja' (strength, speed) with suffix 'in'.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, possessing a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix 'in'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - mutually, each other

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage

निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those striking, slaying

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nighnat

nighnat - striking, slaying, killing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni, present active participle.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - strongly, fiercely (firmly, strongly, fiercely, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage