महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-7, verse-27

भ्रातुस्तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा पाण्डवः श्वेतवाहनः ।
अर्धचन्द्रेण व्यूहेन प्रत्यव्यूहत तां चमूम् ॥२७॥

27. bhrātustadvacanaṁ śrutvā pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ ,
ardhacandreṇa vyūhena pratyavyūhata tāṁ camūm.

27. bhrātuḥ tat vacanam śrutvā pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ
ardhacandreṇa vyūhena pratyavyūhata tām camūm

27. pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ bhrātuḥ tat vacanam śrutvā,
tām camūm ardhacandreṇa vyūhena pratyavyūhata.

27. Having heard those words of his brother, Arjuna (Pāṇḍava), who is known as Śvetavāhana (the one with white steeds), arranged his army against them in a half-moon formation (vyūha).

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

• तत् (tat) - that

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu)

• श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - Arjuna, whose chariot is drawn by white horses (having white vehicles/steeds)

• अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - by a half-moon, with a half-moon

• व्यूहेन (vyūhena) - by a formation, with a battle array

• प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - he arrayed against, he formed against

• ताम् (tām) - that, her

• चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: The ṛ stem noun.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the preceding words of Krishna.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, command

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed from root śru (to hear) with suffix tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu

Patronymic derived from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of the sentence.

श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - Arjuna, whose chariot is drawn by white horses (having white vehicles/steeds)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetavāhana

śvetavāhana - having white steeds/vehicles

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śveta+vāhana)

• śveta – white
  adjective
• vāhana – vehicle, steed
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavaḥ.

अर्धचन्द्रेण (ardhacandreṇa) - by a half-moon, with a half-moon

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardhacandra

ardhacandra - half-moon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
  Root: cand (class 1)

Note: Qualifies vyūhena.

व्यूहेन (vyūhena) - by a formation, with a battle array

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - battle array, military formation, arrangement

Derived from vi + root ūh (to push, arrange)

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the military formation.

प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - he arrayed against, he formed against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyavyūh

Past Imperfect Tense

3rd person singular, imperfect active, formed from prati + ava + root ūh

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Action of Arjuna.

ताम् (tām) - that, her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Refers to the enemy army.

चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host

Note: Object of pratyavyūhata.