महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-7, verse-16

द्रोणपुत्रस्तु शिरसि ग्रीवायां सर्वसोदराः ।
मध्ये दुर्योधनो राजा बलेन महता वृतः ॥१६॥

16. droṇaputrastu śirasi grīvāyāṁ sarvasodarāḥ ,
madhye duryodhano rājā balena mahatā vṛtaḥ.

16. droṇa-putraḥ tu śirasi grīvāyām sarva-sodarāḥ
madhye duryodhanaḥ rājā balena mahatā vṛtaḥ

16. tu droṇa-putraḥ śirasi grīvāyām sarva-sodarāḥ
madhye rājā duryodhanaḥ mahatā balena vṛtaḥ

16. But Drona's son (Ashwatthama) was at the head [of the formation], and all the brothers (Kauravas) were in its neck. In the middle was King Duryodhana, surrounded by a great army.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोण-पुत्रः (droṇa-putraḥ) - son of Drona (Ashwatthama)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• शिरसि (śirasi) - at the head (of the formation) (in the head, at the top)

• ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - in the neck (of the formation) (in the neck)

• सर्व-सोदराः (sarva-sodarāḥ) - all of Duryodhana's brothers (Kauravas) (all brothers, all kinsmen)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, in the center

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• राजा (rājā) - king

• बलेन (balena) - by a force, with an army, by strength

• महता (mahatā) - by a great, by a mighty

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, accompanied

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोण-पुत्रः (droṇa-putraḥ) - son of Drona (Ashwatthama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa-putra

droṇa-putra - son of Drona (specifically Ashwatthama)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (name of the teacher of the Kuru princes)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

शिरसि (śirasi) - at the head (of the formation) (in the head, at the top)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - in the neck (of the formation) (in the neck)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of grīvā

grīvā - neck

सर्व-सोदराः (sarva-sodarāḥ) - all of Duryodhana's brothers (Kauravas) (all brothers, all kinsmen)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva-sodara

sarva-sodara - all brothers, all kinsmen (those of the same womb)

Compound type : Karmadharaya (sarva+sodara)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective/pronoun
• sodara – born from the same womb, brother, kinsman
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sa

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, in the center

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, midst

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest son of Dhritarashtra)

Root: yudh

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

बलेन (balena) - by a force, with an army, by strength

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Root: bal

महता (mahatā) - by a great, by a mighty

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Modifies balena.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, accompanied

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛ (to cover, surround) + kta suffix

Root: vṛ (class 5)