महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-6, verse-25

तेनापि रक्षिताः पार्थाः शिष्यत्वादिह संयुगे ।
स चापि निहतो वृद्धो धृष्टद्युम्नेन सत्वरम् ॥२५॥

25. tenāpi rakṣitāḥ pārthāḥ śiṣyatvādiha saṁyuge ,
sa cāpi nihato vṛddho dhṛṣṭadyumnena satvaram.

25. tena api rakṣitāḥ pārthāḥ śiṣyatvāt iha saṃyuge
saḥ ca api nihataḥ vṛddhaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnena satvaram

25. iha saṃyuge tena api śiṣyatvāt pārthāḥ rakṣitāḥ ca
api saḥ vṛddhaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnena satvaram nihataḥ

25. And by him (Drona), the sons of Pritha (pārthāḥ) were protected in this battle due to their status as his students. But he, though aged, was also swiftly killed by Dhrishtadyumna.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him (Drona) (by him, by that)

• अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)

• रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - protected (protected, guarded, saved)

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pritha (the Pandavas) (sons of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna, Yudhisthira, Bhima)

• शिष्यत्वात् (śiṣyatvāt) - due to their status as students/disciples (from/due to being a student, because of discipleship)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation/war) (here, in this world, in this case)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in this battle (in battle, in conflict, in union)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Drona) (he, that (masculine nominative singular of tad))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, struck down)

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - aged (referring to Drona) (old, aged, grown, increased)

• धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhrishtadyumna (by Dhrishtadyumna (proper noun))

• सत्वरम् (satvaram) - swiftly (quickly, speedily, rapidly)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him (Drona) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agent of `rakṣitāḥ`.

अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes the protection.

रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - protected (protected, guarded, saved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, saved

Past Passive Participle

From root √rakṣ (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate for `pārthāḥ`.

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pritha (the Pandavas) (sons of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna, Yudhisthira, Bhima)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Derived from Pṛthā with suffix aṇ.

Note: Subject.

शिष्यत्वात् (śiṣyatvāt) - due to their status as students/disciples (from/due to being a student, because of discipleship)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śiṣyatva

śiṣyatva - state of being a pupil, discipleship, student status

Derived from śiṣya (pupil) with suffix -tva (abstract noun).

Note: Indicates reason.

इह (iha) - here (in this situation/war) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place or context.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in this battle (in battle, in conflict, in union)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, encounter, union, conjunction

From root √yuj (to join) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to the war.

सः (saḥ) - he (Drona) (he, that (masculine nominative singular of tad))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `nihataḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes that Drona was *also* killed.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, struck down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate for `saḥ`.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - aged (referring to Drona) (old, aged, grown, increased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛdh (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Appositive to `saḥ` (Drona).

धृष्टद्युम्नेन (dhṛṣṭadyumnena) - by Dhrishtadyumna (by Dhrishtadyumna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (a name, son of Drupada)

Note: Agent of `nihataḥ`.

सत्वरम् (satvaram) - swiftly (quickly, speedily, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

From sa- (with) and tvara (speed).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+tvara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• tvara – quickness, speed
  noun (feminine)
  From root √tvar (to hasten).
  Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying `nihataḥ`.